Social Psychology
Roya Hosseinzadeh Peyghan; Mir Hamid Salehian; Sedigheh Khajeaflaton Mofrad; Forough ShafaeianFard
Abstract
One of the disabilities that has rarely been studied in the field of observational learning is autism. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of watching a video model with different skill levels on learning a basketball skill in adolescents with autism. The current study is descriptive ...
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One of the disabilities that has rarely been studied in the field of observational learning is autism. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of watching a video model with different skill levels on learning a basketball skill in adolescents with autism. The current study is descriptive and causal-comparative. The subjects of this study consisted of 60 adolescents with autism with an age range of 13 to 18 years, and they were randomly and equally divided into three groups: skilled model, novice model, and control. The motor task involved a basketball throwing, in which the accuracy score was measured as the dependent variable. The subjects performed the pre-test (including ten throws), the acquisition stage (including 5 10-throws training blocks), and the retention test (including ten throws). Subjects in the observation groups watched their respective models for five times before each training block. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the throwing accuracy. The results showed that novice video group had significantly better throwing scores than skilled video model and control groups in the acquisition phase and retention test. In addition, skilled group had significantly better throwing scores than control group in the acquisition phase and retention test. The results of this study show that people with autism benefit from watching a video model to learn a basketball throwing skill. This result may indicate that these people have the necessary mechanisms to learn new skills through video observation.
Abnormal Psychology
Tayebeh Baniasadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity with fine and gross motor skills in pre-school children with ADHD. The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. The participants were 58 children (20 girls) aged 4 to 6 years who were selected using a convenience ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity with fine and gross motor skills in pre-school children with ADHD. The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. The participants were 58 children (20 girls) aged 4 to 6 years who were selected using a convenience sampling method. We utilized Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) to measure physical activity. The short form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was used to measure the fine and gross motor. Independent t test and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Children in this study had low levels of physical activity and motor proficiency. Boys had significantly higher physical activity and motor proficiency than girls (P<0.001). In addition, physical activity was directly and significantly associated with fine and gross motor skills (both P<0.001). These findings indicate that there is a need to increase the level of physical activity in pre-school children with ADHD, especially girls. Moreover, it is recommended that physical education teachers and sports coaches use programs in physical education lessons to facilitate motor skills in children.
Abnormal Psychology
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi; Leila Norouzi
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to predict self- destructiveness based on perceived stress, brain-behavioral systems and defense styles. The population was the students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017-2018; through convenience sampling ...
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The aim of the present study was to predict self- destructiveness based on perceived stress, brain-behavioral systems and defense styles. The population was the students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017-2018; through convenience sampling method, 150 completed questionnaires were analyzed. The design was correlational. chronic self- destructiveness scales (CSDS), perceived stress scale (PSS), behavioral inhibition-activation systems scale (BIS/BAS) and defense styles (DSQ) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient as well as stepwise regression. The results showed that there was a relationship between self-destructiveness and perceived stress (p≤.01), punishment sensitivity (p≤.001), reward responsiveness (p≤.05), drive (p≤.01), and fun seeking (p≤.01). Immature defense style (p≤.01) and neurotic defense style (p≤.01) have a relationship. Moreover, the regression analysis revealed that fun seeking (R2=.33), reward sensitivity (R2=.26), driving (R2=.23), neurotic defense styles (R2=.17), immature defense styles (R2=.11) and punishment sensitivity (R2=.11) could predict self- destructiveness. In conclusion, it can be said that perceived stress is in dynamic relationship with brain-behavioral systems and defense styles can predict self- destructiveness. Punishment sensitivity among brain-behavioral systems, and immature defense styles among the defense styles, were most strongly associated with self-destructiveness.
Abnormal Psychology
Tayebeh Baniasadi; Sedigheh Khajeaflaton Mofrad; Forough ShafaeianFard
Abstract
Evidence shows that physical activity (PA) is associated with better self-esteem and perceived motor competence in typically developing children. Nonetheless, associations between PA with self-esteem and perceived motor competence among children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has received ...
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Evidence shows that physical activity (PA) is associated with better self-esteem and perceived motor competence in typically developing children. Nonetheless, associations between PA with self-esteem and perceived motor competence among children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has received very little attention in the literature. As such, the purpose of this study was to survey the associations between PA with self-esteem and perceived motor competence among children with DCD. A correlational approach was used in this study. Participants were forty-nine children with DCD (mean age of 8.85 years old) from special schools. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children was used for assessing PA. Self-Perception Profile for Children was used to assess self-esteem and perceived motor competence. To analyze data, we used Pearson correlation test and regression analysis. Descriptive results showed that our sample participate in very low amount of PA. In addition, they have low levels of self-esteem and perceived motor competence. Furthermore, PA was significantly and directly associated with both self-esteem and perceived motor competence. Finally, PA has significantly and directly predicted both self-esteem and perceived motor competence. Our findings emphasize on benefits of PA for improving psychological status of children with DCD. Thus, it seems necessary to find out proper strategies and interventions for increase the level of PA in this population.
Abnormal Psychology
Sara Mokhtari; Milad SabzehAra Langaroudi; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to qualitatively investigate the biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs of chronic mental patients. This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis. A number of 23 chronic mental patients referred to Tahereh Neuropsychiatric Rehabilitation ...
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The purpose of this research is to qualitatively investigate the biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs of chronic mental patients. This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis. A number of 23 chronic mental patients referred to Tahereh Neuropsychiatric Rehabilitation Center in Ramsar city in 2021 were selected by purposive sampling method until theoretical data saturation and were subjected to semi-structured interviews. Analysis and coding of the interviews showed four components with 26 sub-components. The biological needs component includes 6 sub-components: medical costs, lack of medicine, diet, exercise and physical activity, and physical and functional problems. The mental needs component of patients includes 7 sub-components: the presence of co-comorbidity, experiencing unpleasant emotions, lack of personal and social skills, lack of positive psychological characteristics, low quality of life and psychological exhaustion, and having fun and free time. The social needs component of patients includes 7 sub-components: need for family support, need for support from relevant organizations, lack of social facilities, social stigma, possibility of education, possibility of employment and need for support from specialists. The component of patients' spiritual needs also includes 6 sub-components: the need to have hope, perform religious rituals, lack of meaning and purpose in life, fear of death, loneliness and attitude towards God. The obtained findings show that there are different needs in the 4 biological, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions that must be paid attention to in order to improve the mental health and quality of life of chronic mental patients.
Personality Psychology
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi; Masoume Jafari-nejad
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare self-destructiveness, fear of failure, and the big five personality traits in adolescent boys in divorced and normal families, employing a causal-comparative method. Ninety boys (of divorced and normal families, 45 in each group) were selected through purposeful ...
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The aim of the present study was to compare self-destructiveness, fear of failure, and the big five personality traits in adolescent boys in divorced and normal families, employing a causal-comparative method. Ninety boys (of divorced and normal families, 45 in each group) were selected through purposeful sampling method for teenagers from divorced families and random sampling for teenagers from normal families. All of which were 15 to18 year-old boys studying in the second grade of high school in Karaj. To collect the data, Chronic self-destructiveness Scale (CSDS), Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were run, and Multivariate analysis of variance test was used for analysis of data. Results showed that chronic self-destructiveness (F=94/64, p ≤ .001), inconsideration and lack of commitment (F=28/818, p ≤ .001), neglect (F=160/60, p ≤ .001), risk taking (F=43/543, p ≤ .001), stupefaction (F=52/933, p ≤ .001), fear of failure (F=1238/00, p ≤ .001), fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment (F= 1035 / 45 , p ≤ .001), fear of devaluing one's self-esteem (F = 1600 / 64 , p ≤ .001), fear of having an uncertain future (F = 1507 / 61 , p ≤ .001 ) ), fear of losing interest from important others (F= 69 / 872 , p ≤ .001) and neuroticism (F = 94 / 2202 , p ≤ .001) were higher in adolescent boys with divorced families than normal ones. In other dimensions of the big five, extraversion (F= 1719 / 52, p ≤ .001), openness to experience (F = 47 / 12, p ≤ .001), agreeableness (F = 3032 / 96, p ≤ .001), and conscientiousness (F= 1788 / 59, p ≤ .001), the mean scores in adolescent boys with normal families were higher than the ones from divorced. The negative experiences, the absence of a caring parent, and the lack of a sense of security in divorced families can be the reasons behind the higher rate of self-destructiveness and fear of success in adolescents from divorced families.
Abnormal Psychology
Fahimeh Rajaei; Akbar Atadokht; Sajad Basharpour; Soude Mamashli
Abstract
Poetry therapy, a form of creative art therapy, utilizes poetry and other stimulating forms of literature to achieve therapeutic goals and promote personal growth. Research has shown the effectiveness of positive and negative symptom control and treatment in schizophrenia, highlighting the need for non-pharmacological ...
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Poetry therapy, a form of creative art therapy, utilizes poetry and other stimulating forms of literature to achieve therapeutic goals and promote personal growth. Research has shown the effectiveness of positive and negative symptom control and treatment in schizophrenia, highlighting the need for non-pharmacological interventions. Poetry therapy has emerged as one such intervention in this domain. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group poetry therapy on positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. This experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study were hospitalized patients in treatment and rehabilitation centers in Ardabil city. Using cluster random sampling, 22 participants were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eleven sessions of group poetry therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and analyzed through one-way analysis of covariance. The results indicated that, after accounting for the pretest effect, the mean of posttest scores of the experimental group participants were lower than those of the control group in positive and negative symptoms (P<0.05), confirming the effectiveness of group poetry therapy intervention. This study demonstrated that group poetry therapy is an effective non-pharmacological treatment for individuals with chronic schizophrenia and can be implemented by clinical professionals in treatment centers.
Abnormal Psychology
Alireza Nikmorad
Abstract
Family is the oldest and most universal social unit in terms of its history and breadth. Appropriate relationships within society are formed based on appropriate relationships within the family, thereby leading to greater societal stability. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between ...
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Family is the oldest and most universal social unit in terms of its history and breadth. Appropriate relationships within society are formed based on appropriate relationships within the family, thereby leading to greater societal stability. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual satisfaction and emotional divorce among Iranian couples. This study was descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population consisted of all couples applying for divorce who referred to family counseling centers supervised by the Welfare Organization in Tehran during the second half of 2020. Using the convenience sampling method, 240 individuals were selected as the sample. The Golombok Rust inventory of sexual satisfaction (GRISS) and the emotional divorce scale were used for data collection. The results indicate a significant and meaningful positive relationship between sexual satisfaction and emotional divorce. Regression analysis also showed that sexual satisfaction can predict 0.3 of the variance in emotional divorce. The results of this study emphasize the role of sexual satisfaction in emotional divorce.
Abnormal Psychology
Sedigheh Khajeaflaton Mofrad; Forough ShafaeianFard; Tayebeh Baniasadi
Abstract
It has been shown that physical activity (PA) is related to motor proficiency in children. Nevertheless, relationships between PA and balance performance among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been rarely examined. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between ...
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It has been shown that physical activity (PA) is related to motor proficiency in children. Nevertheless, relationships between PA and balance performance among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been rarely examined. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between PA and static and dynamic balance performance among children with ASD. The method used in this study was correlational. Eighty children with ASD (range age between 8 to 14 years old, average 11.51 years old) attended in special schools participated in this study. PA was measured using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Static and dynamic balance tests were used to measure balance performance. Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Children with ASD had low amount of PA and balance performance. PA was significantly and directly associated with static and dynamic balance performance. In addition, PA has significantly and directly predicted both static and dynamic balance performance. PA plays a very important role in the motor proficiency in children with ASD. Hence, there is a need for targeted strategies and interventions to increase the level of PA in this population.
Abnormal Psychology
Shokoufeh JaliliParvar; Milad SabzehAra Langaroudi; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari
Abstract
Harmful use of digital technologies is increasing among different age groups in society, especially children. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to this issue and educate families to empower them to deal with this issue properly. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of family education ...
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Harmful use of digital technologies is increasing among different age groups in society, especially children. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to this issue and educate families to empower them to deal with this issue properly. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of family education on digital game addiction. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and witness group. The statistical population of this study included male students of the fourth and fifth grades of Farid School in Ramsar city in the academic year of 2019-2020. Those had a cut point above 90 in Videogame Addiction Scale for Children (VASC) were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and witness (n = 20) groups. First, in the pre-test stage, the Videogame Addiction Scale for Children (Yilmatz, Griffiths, & Ken, 2017) was performed on both groups. The experimental group then takes a family education course. At the end of the training period, post-test was performed again in both groups and the data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 24. The results showed that the mean of digital game addiction and its components in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group (p <0.05). According to the findings, it can be concluded that family education is effective in reducing addiction to digital games. Therefore, designing and implementing training courses for families can be helpful in reducing their children's harmful use of such new electronic technologies.
Abnormal Psychology
Alireza Nikmorad; Soheila Asadi; Amin Roustaei
Abstract
The present study compared the effectiveness of group counseling based on choice theory on homesickness and emotion of thought. Research design was quasi-experimental administering a pretest-posttest on an experimental and a control group. The population of this study included all students (female and ...
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The present study compared the effectiveness of group counseling based on choice theory on homesickness and emotion of thought. Research design was quasi-experimental administering a pretest-posttest on an experimental and a control group. The population of this study included all students (female and male) referred to counseling center of Sari Payame Noor University in the academic year 2016-2017. The sample consisted of 30 participants who were randomly divided into two groups (one experimental group and one control group) (15 students in each group). Then, homesickness questionnaire and emotion of thought questionnaire were administered to both groups. For two months, the experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of group counseling based on choice theory; however, the control group did not receive any training during this period. Pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The results showed that experimental interventions (group counseling based on choice theory) reduced homesickness score, decreased impatience of thought and increased dynamics of thought in students (p<0.01). It can be concluded that group counseling of choice theory was effective in improvement of emotion of thought and decreasing homesickness.
Abnormal Psychology
Layla Adibi Dokhani; Saeid Shahhosseini Tazik; Mohammad Mohammadipour
Abstract
Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder. Its prevalence in women is twice that of men, which seriously affects the mental health of this group. Therefore, it is very important to adopt treatment methods to reduce it. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness ...
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Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder. Its prevalence in women is twice that of men, which seriously affects the mental health of this group. Therefore, it is very important to adopt treatment methods to reduce it. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on coping styles and quality of life of depressed women. This research was a semi-experimental method of pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was made up of all women who referred to counseling centers in Mashhad city in 2017, who scored higher than 13 in the Beck depression test. 30 of them were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method and then randomly divided into two control and experimental groups (15 people in the experimental group - 15 people in the control group). Beck depression inventory (BDI-II), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage in emotional and avoidant coping styles (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the problem-oriented coping style (P<0.05). Also, the results in the quality of life section show a significant difference between the two groups in the variables of social, psychological, physical and environmental quality of life (P<0.05). As a result, it can be said that cognitive behavioral therapy can be used as an efficient treatment method to reduce emotional and avoidant coping styles in depressed patients in the clinical environment. Also, the use of this treatment method increases the level of quality of life in these patients.
Abnormal Psychology
Maryam Aghel Masjedi; Haniyeh Kianimotlagh
Abstract
COVID-19 has shown a high rate of spread and a high death rate. This disease puts the mental health of people in a different social class at risk. The present study was a comparison of meta-worry, rumination and cognitive distortions in COVID-19 pations recovered and normal individuals. Causal-comparative ...
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COVID-19 has shown a high rate of spread and a high death rate. This disease puts the mental health of people in a different social class at risk. The present study was a comparison of meta-worry, rumination and cognitive distortions in COVID-19 pations recovered and normal individuals. Causal-comparative model was hired in the present study. The population of this study included all COVID-19 patients recovered as well as normal people referring to Tonekabon health centers in the period of July and August 2021, of which 120 people were selected according to conveniense sampling. The research instruments were meta-worry Questionnaire (MWQ), the ruminative response scale (RRS) and cognitive distortions scale (CDS). To analyze the collected data, a MANOVA was run using SPSS-24 software. Data analysis reveal that there were differences between meta-worry, mental rumination and cognitive distortions in the two groups of people who recovered from COVID-19 and normal people; those who recovered from COVID-19 indicated more meta-worry, mental rumination and cognitive distortions than normal people. It can be said that based on the results of this research indicating the higher level of rumination, cognitive distortion and meta-worry in people recovered from COVID-19, it is possible to reduce these variables by teaching adaptive strategies to recovered people to deal with meta- worry, rumination and cognitive distortion.
Social Psychology
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi; Maryam Mehrani
Abstract
This research aimed at the prediction of social adjustment based on early maladaptive schemas and social skills. In this research, 133 subjects, all were inhabitants of Tehran and were selected by the convenient method, responded to online questionnaires including Bell Adjustment Questionnaire (BAI), ...
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This research aimed at the prediction of social adjustment based on early maladaptive schemas and social skills. In this research, 133 subjects, all were inhabitants of Tehran and were selected by the convenient method, responded to online questionnaires including Bell Adjustment Questionnaire (BAI), Young Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YEMSQ), and Matson Evaluation Social Skill with Youngsters (MESSY). The LISREL and SPSS-22 softwares and the methods of Pearson correlation and Structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Results showed that early maladaptive schemas in five areas (disconnection & rejection, impaired autonomy & performance, impaired limits, other-direction, and overvigilance/ inhibition) were correlated reversely with social adjustment. Social adjustment also was correlated positively with social skills. Applying the structural equation modeling showed that social adjustment is predictable based on early maladaptive schemas and social skills. Out of the schemas, two areas of impaired limits (-0.69) and impaired autonomy & performance (-0.53) have the most negative impact on social adjustment. Social skills, as the second strongest variable, have the highest positive impact on social skills, after impaired autonomy & performance. The results were explained in the context of the theory of early maladaptive schemas, and some points were suggested regarding an increase in social adjustment.
Social Psychology
Tayebeh Baniasadi; Pouya Biyabani; Fatemeh Karimi Asl; Sedigheh Khajeaflaton Mofrad
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of positive social-comparative feedback on motor learning and self-efficacy of a throwing motor skill in individuals with ADHD. The subjects were 44 adolescents with ADHD in the age range of 15 to 18 years old and were randomly and equally divided ...
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The present study was designed to investigate the effects of positive social-comparative feedback on motor learning and self-efficacy of a throwing motor skill in individuals with ADHD. The subjects were 44 adolescents with ADHD in the age range of 15 to 18 years old and were randomly and equally divided into two groups: positive social-comparative feedback and control group. Motor task consisted of throwing bean bags with the non-dominant arm at a target on the ground. The participants completed the pretest (10 trials), an acquisition phase including 6 blocks of 10 trials, and a retention test consisting of 10 trials. The participants in the positive social comparison feedback group were informed that their throws on the previous block were, on average, better than the throws of the other participants in this group. Prior to pretest, each block, and before the retention test, all participants completed the self-efficacy scale. Dependent measures were throwing accuracy scores and self-efficacy. Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were employed to analyze the data. Positive social comparison feedback group throwed the bean bags significantly better in the acquisition phase and the retention test compared to the control group. In addition, positive social comparison feedback group reported significantly higher self-efficacy scores in the acquisition phase and the retention test in comparison to the control group. Our findings indicated that enhanced expectancies benefited individuals with ADHD to enhance their performance and learn a novel motor skill
Abnormal Psychology
Tayebeh Khayatan; SeyedTeymur SeyediAsl; Amir Nazari Anamagh; Hossein Sadeghi Mollamahaleh; Hamed Minaee; Alireza Nazari Anamagh
Abstract
The mobile phone by its entering to human’ life, has caused extensive changes, but sometimes cause problems as well. It seems that people who use the mobile phone in a problematic way are vulnerable to psychological damage. According to existing research, the purpose of this study was to compare ...
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The mobile phone by its entering to human’ life, has caused extensive changes, but sometimes cause problems as well. It seems that people who use the mobile phone in a problematic way are vulnerable to psychological damage. According to existing research, the purpose of this study was to compare the general health of students with problematic use of mobile phones and normal users. In this cross-sectional study, the study population was all students of Ardebil universities in 2013, out of which 116 were recruited using convenience sampling method. For collecting data, the Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (COS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software.There was a positive and significant relationship between problematic use of mobile phones and general health (p<0.01). Also, there was a significant difference between two groups of problematic users and normal users of mobile phones in terms of general health (p<0.01). According to the results, students with problematic use of mobile phones have a lower general health level. Therefore, interventions to improve their health and reduce their problematic use of mobile phones should be considered.
Social Psychology
Zahra Sadeghnia Salakgani; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari; Fatemeh Ashournejad
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between online game addiction and self-efficacy, creativity and social skills. The statistical population included all female high school students in Rudsar who were studying in 2020-2021. From this community, 150 people were selected by convenience ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between online game addiction and self-efficacy, creativity and social skills. The statistical population included all female high school students in Rudsar who were studying in 2020-2021. From this community, 150 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included the Online Game Addiction Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Creativity Questionnaire, and the Social Skills Questionnaire. In this study, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression and SPSS-22 software were used for data analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the components of online game addiction (academic and occupational performance problems and social and mood problems) were able to achieve 48.8% of the variance of self-efficacy, 43.3% of the variance of creativity and 27.4% of the variance of skills Predict students' social (p˂0.05). Therefore, the results of this study show the importance of paying attention to online game addiction in students and its prevention can be associated with positive psychological variables.
Abnormal Psychology
Hanieh Goodarzi; Sedigheh Jafari; Tohid Moradi Shaykhjan
Abstract
People with social anxiety face barriers to treatment under the pretext of avoiding interaction and the discomfort of self-disclosure. Using remote health services may be an alternative, but there is no research evidence on the effectiveness of Internet-based methods in social anxiety.Therefore, this ...
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People with social anxiety face barriers to treatment under the pretext of avoiding interaction and the discomfort of self-disclosure. Using remote health services may be an alternative, but there is no research evidence on the effectiveness of Internet-based methods in social anxiety.Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face and Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on cognitive distortions and emotion regulation in adolescents with social anxiety.The present study was a field experiment. A total of 51 adolescents with social anxiety disorder were selected by cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to three face-to-face, Internet-based, and control therapy groups. Three groups were interviewed at the beginning and end of the study and answered the social anxiety screening questionnaire (SASA) Levpušček & Videc (2008 ), cognitive distortion questionnaire (CDQ) Beck and Wismann(1978), and emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ) Jojn and Gross(2003).The two experimental groups underwent therapeutic intervention during ten weekly sessions.The results of ANKOVA analysis showed that both forms of intervention effectively reduced cognitive distortions, improved emotion regulation, and reduced symptoms of social anxiety.Also, the results of MANKOVA analysis showed that in the components of the need to please others and repression, face-to-face intervention only was effective.None of the intervention methods significantly affected the two components of success and perfectionism. In general, in all variables, the impact of the face-to-face intervention was greater than the Internet-based intervention.These results can support the use of Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with social anxiety disorder who, due to circumstances, are unable to benefit from face-to-face treatment
Abnormal Psychology
Arezoo Mojarrad; Hosein Ghamarigivi; Ahmadreza Kiani
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study discordant females regarding the comparison of the effectiveness of Bowen systematic and solution-focused counseling on reducing the risk of divorce, burnout and marital discord. The reseach design is quasi-experimental employing multiple groups pretest-posttest. ...
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The purpose of this research is to study discordant females regarding the comparison of the effectiveness of Bowen systematic and solution-focused counseling on reducing the risk of divorce, burnout and marital discord. The reseach design is quasi-experimental employing multiple groups pretest-posttest. The participants consisted of all women attending in Justice Depertment of Ardabil for divorce in 2016. The participants included 45 discordant women (divorce applicants) who were selected through convenience sampling method and were assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The marital burnout questionnaire, marital instability index (MII), and Beier-Sternberg discord questionnaire (DQ) were used for data collection. Bowen systematic counseling and solution-focused counselig were provided for experimental groups in 7 sessions of an hour and a half each. Whereas, the control group did not receive any intervention. The results of the analysis of variance and Duncan's post hoc test showed that solution-focused counseling was more effective than Bowen systematic method in reducing divorce risk, burnout, and marital discord (p < 0.05). These results can be a strong for applying the priority of solution-focused counseling method to reduce the risk of divorce, burnout and marital discord among discordant women, thereby preventing family breakdown; this method can also be used to prevent marital conflicts.
Abnormal Psychology
Tayebeh Baniasadi; Pouya Biyabani; Fatemeh Karimi Asl; Sedigheh Khajeaflaton Mofrad
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of autonomy support (i.e., in the form of self-controlled feedback) on learning and self-efficacy in a throwing skill in adolescents with ADHD. The subjects were 40 adolescents with ADHD (14 to 17 years old) and were randomly and equally divided into ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of autonomy support (i.e., in the form of self-controlled feedback) on learning and self-efficacy in a throwing skill in adolescents with ADHD. The subjects were 40 adolescents with ADHD (14 to 17 years old) and were randomly and equally divided into two groups: self-controlled and yoked. Motor task consisted of throwing bean bags with the non-dominant arm at a target on the ground. The participants completed the pretest (10 trials), an acquisition phase including 6 blocks of 10 trials, and a retention test consisting of 10 trials. The participants in the self-controlled group received knowledge of result (KR) anytime the requested. The yoked group was matched with self-controlled group, but without having a choice to request for feedback. Prior to pretest, each block, and before the retention test, all participants completed the self-efficacy scale. Dependent measures were throwing accuracy scores and self-efficacy. Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were used to analyze the data. The results showed that participants in the self-controlled group had significantly higher throwing accuracy scores in the acquisition phase and the retention test than those in yoked group. Moreover, participants in the self-controlled group reported significantly higher self-efficacy scores in the acquisition phase and the retention test than those in yoked group. The results of this study show that people with ADHD benefit from autonomy support to learn a novel motor skill.
Social Psychology
kiana Sabet Dizkuhi; Seyed Mousa Kafie Masooleh
Abstract
One of the common problems among university students is self-harm behavior which has many negative consequences for the people involved and the society. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of occurrence of self-harm behavior in university students. The participants of this descriptive ...
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One of the common problems among university students is self-harm behavior which has many negative consequences for the people involved and the society. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of occurrence of self-harm behavior in university students. The participants of this descriptive study include the entire undergraduate students of the University of Guilan in the academic year 2019-20. A total of 508 students (368 females and 140 males) are selected based on Convenience Sampling. For data collection, the Self-harm Inventory Questionnaire (SHI) is employed; moreover, descriptive statistics as well as Chi-square test are used. According to the findings, 17.8% of students have self-harm behavior. The results of Chi-square test reveal that there is no significant difference between male and female students in terms of the frequency of occurrence of direct, indirect and general self-harm behavior (P> 0.01). Burning the body, recklessness in driving, alcohol abuse and deliberate loss of job in male students and being involved in relationships that expose one to sexual abuse and deliberate self-starvation are more common in female students (p< 0.01). Also, local and non-local university students and different age groups of students show significant different behavior in terms of direct and indirect self-harm (P<0.01). Based on the findings, it can be stated that self-harm is relatively common behavior among university students. As a result, these people need to be identified and treated in a timely manner to reduce the negative consequences of this kind of behavior.
Abnormal Psychology
Hossein Nazari Moghadam; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari; Fatemeh Ashournejad
Abstract
People with gender dysphoria experience some mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to compare body image and depressive symptoms in people with gender dysphoria and the non-affected. This research was applied in terms of purpose and casual-comparative in terms ...
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People with gender dysphoria experience some mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to compare body image and depressive symptoms in people with gender dysphoria and the non-affected. This research was applied in terms of purpose and casual-comparative in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study included two groups of people with gender dysphoria approved by the Iranian legal medicine organization in 1400 and non-affected people with gender dysphoria. For sampling, 30 people from both groups (15 males and 15 females) were selected by the convenience sampling method. A Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire (BSRQ) and The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were employed to gather research data. Data analysis was performed by Independent Sample T-Test using SPSS-20 software. The findings of the study indicated that the mean scores of body image (P˂0.01) and depressive symptoms (P˂0.05) were significantly different in people with gender dysphoria and the non-affected people. People with gender dysphoria had a more negative body image and more depressive symptoms than non-affected people.
Abnormal Psychology
Afshar Hajeir
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are regarded as one of the most disabling diseases of human beings around the world, particularly when psychological characteristics are taken into consideration. This study compared attachment styles, problem solving styles and sensitivity anxiety in cardiovascular diseases patients ...
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Cardiovascular diseases are regarded as one of the most disabling diseases of human beings around the world, particularly when psychological characteristics are taken into consideration. This study compared attachment styles, problem solving styles and sensitivity anxiety in cardiovascular diseases patients and normal Individuals. A total of 40 participants (20 diseased, 20 normal) were selected thought random cluster sampling procedure from among a population of cardiovascular diseases in the city of Ardabil. Data were collected using the attachment styles inventory (AAI), problem-solving styles questionnaire (PSSQ) and the anxiety sensitivity index (ASI); moreover, multivariate analysis of variance used for data analysis. These finding implied that among attachment styles, problem solving and sensitivity anxiety there existed differences in cardiovascular diseases patients and non-patients. Results showed that cardiovascular diseases patients used higher avoidance and ambivalence attachment than non-patients. Result also revealed that non-patients used higher safety attachment than cardiovascular disease patients and patients employed avoidant attachment style as well as ambivalence. Moreover, cardiovascular diseases patients had higher helplessness, problem solving control and avoidance style more than non-patients and the non-patients used higher creativity style, problem-solving confidence, avoidance style more than cardiovascular diseases patients. It was also found that cardiovascular diseases patients used higher physical, cognitive, social worries than non-patients. Overall, the finding indicated that attachment styles, problem solving styles and sensitivity anxiety were important components discriminating cardiovascular diseases patients from non-patients. The suggestion for further studies is about other variables in cardiovascular diseases to provide preventive strategies for these diseases
Abnormal Psychology
Erfaneh Zibaee Vishkaee; Taher Tizdast
Abstract
Based on research evidence, parenting styles and cognitive factors in mothers may be effective in shaping and exacerbating children's social anxiety. The aim of the present study is to determine the social anxiety of schoolgirls based on parenting styles and cognitive flexibility of their mothers. For ...
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Based on research evidence, parenting styles and cognitive factors in mothers may be effective in shaping and exacerbating children's social anxiety. The aim of the present study is to determine the social anxiety of schoolgirls based on parenting styles and cognitive flexibility of their mothers. For this descriptive study, a correlational design is used. The participants of the study include all students in sixth grade elementary school and their mothers in the city of Khomem in the academic year of 2019-2020. The number of participants is 200 sixth grade elementary school students selected based on convenience sampling. Liebowitz Children and Adolescents Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-CA), Baumrind Parenting Styles Scale and Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS) are employed to collect data. The statistical data are analyzed based on Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results of multiple regression analysis reveal that parenting styles and cognitive flexibility predict 64.1% of the variance of students' social anxiety. These findings suggest that parenting styles and cognitive flexibility play a crucial role in the pathology and prevention of students' social anxiety.
Abnormal Psychology
Arefeh Hamideh Moghadam; Zeinab Sharifipour Chokami; Khazar Tajbakhsh
Abstract
This study investigated the comparison of cognitive failures, emotional processing and resilience among the girl students with and without test anxiety. The present research is a causal-comparative study. The sample of study was 203 students studying tenth and eleventh grade in Rasht in 2019. 92 students ...
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This study investigated the comparison of cognitive failures, emotional processing and resilience among the girl students with and without test anxiety. The present research is a causal-comparative study. The sample of study was 203 students studying tenth and eleventh grade in Rasht in 2019. 92 students of this sample were with test anxiety and 111 students of it were without test anxiety. The sample of study has been identified and selected from students by cluster sampling with the cutoff point of 50. The students completed Spielberger Test Anxiety Questionnaire, Baker’s Emotional Processing Scale and Connor-Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale. The data was analyzed by multivariable analysis of variance. Results showed that the students with test anxiety have higher scores in cognitive failures, also they have higher scores in emotional processing and lower scores in resilience than students without test anxiety. These results show that cognitive failures, emotional processing and resilience have determinant role in test anxiety.
