Comparison of Self-destructiveness, Fear of Performance Failure, and the Big Five Personality Traits in Adolescent Boys with Divorced and Normal Families

Mousavi, Ashraf Sadat; Jafari-nejad, Masoume

doi:10.22034/jmp.2023.388962.1052

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

¹ Assistant Professor, Psychology Department, Hazrat-e Masoume University, Qom, Iran

² MA in personality psychology, Islamic Azad University e-Campus

https://doi.org/10.22034/jmp.2023.388962.1052

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to compare self-destructiveness, fear of failure, and the big five personality traits in adolescent boys in divorced and normal families, employing a causal-comparative method. Ninety boys (of divorced and normal families, 45 in each group) were selected through purposeful sampling method for teenagers from divorced families and random sampling for teenagers from normal families. All of which were 15 to18 year-old boys studying in the second grade of high school in Karaj. To collect the data, Chronic self-destructiveness Scale (CSDS), Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were run, and Multivariate analysis of variance test was used for analysis of data. Results showed that chronic self-destructiveness (F=94/64, p ≤ .001), inconsideration and lack of commitment (F=28/818, p ≤ .001), neglect (F=160/60, p ≤ .001), risk taking (F=43/543, p ≤ .001), stupefaction (F=52/933, p ≤ .001), fear of failure (F=1238/00, p ≤ .001), fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment (F= 1035 / 45 , p ≤ .001), fear of devaluing one's self-esteem (F = 1600 / 64 , p ≤ .001), fear of having an uncertain future (F = 1507 / 61 , p ≤ .001 ) ), fear of losing interest from important others (F= 69 / 872 , p ≤ .001) and neuroticism (F = 94 / 2202 , p ≤ .001) were higher in adolescent boys with divorced families than normal ones. In other dimensions of the big five, extraversion (F= 1719 / 52, p ≤ .001), openness to experience (F = 47 / 12, p ≤ .001), agreeableness (F = 3032 / 96, p ≤ .001), and conscientiousness (F= 1788 / 59, p ≤ .001), the mean scores in adolescent boys with normal families were higher than the ones from divorced. The negative experiences, the absence of a caring parent, and the lack of a sense of security in divorced families can be the reasons behind the higher rate of self-destructiveness and fear of success in adolescents from divorced families.

Keywords

20.1001.1.27834433.2022.2.2.4.8

Main Subjects

References

Abdoli, B., Ahmadi, N., Azimzadeh, E., Afshari, J. (2013). To determine the validity and reliability of performance failure appraisal inventory. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement, 5(2), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2013.32146

Adan, A., Natale, V., Caci, H., Part, G. (2010). Relationship between circadian typology and functional and dysfunctional impulsivity. Chronobiology international, 27, 616-619. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420521003663827

Afifi, T. G. (2003). Feeling caught in stepfamilies: Managing boundaries turbulence through appropriate communication privacy rules. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20(6), 729-755. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420521003663827

Amato, P. R., & Hohmann-Marriott, B. (2007). A comparison of high- and low-distress marriages that end in divorce. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(3), 621–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00396.x

Amato, P. R., & Patterson, S. E. (2017). The intergenerational transmission of union instability in early adulthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 79(3), 723-738. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjomf.12384

Baumeister, R.F., & Scher, S.J. (1988). Self-defeating behavior patterns among normal individuals: review and analysis of common self-destructive tendencies. Psychological Bulletin, 104(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.104.1.3

Bernardi, F., & Radi, J. (2014). The long term consequences of parental divorce for children's educational attainment. Demographic Research, 30(61), 1653-1680. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.30.61

Berry, L., Stoyles, G., & Donovan, M. (2010). Post separation parenting education in a Family Relationship Centre: A pilot study exploring the impact on perceived parent-child relationship and acrimony. Journal of Family Studies, 16, 224-236. https://doi.org/10.5172/jfs.16.3.224

Brand, J. E., Moore, R., Song, X., & Xie, Y. (2019). Parental divorce is not uniformly disruptive to childrens educational attainment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116 (15), 7266-7271. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813049116

Conroy, D. E., Kaye, M. P., & Fifer, A. M. (2007). Cognitive links between fear of failure and perfectionism. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 25, 237-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10942-007-0052-7

Conroy, D. E., Willow, J. P., & Metzler, J. N. (2010). Multidimensional fear of failure measurement: The performance failure appraisal inventory. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200252907752

Das, C. (2010). Resilience, risk and protective factors for British- Indian children of divorce. Journal of Sociology, 25, 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2010.11892869

Delavare, A. (2015). Research method in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Virayesh Pub.

Eysenck, H. J. (1963). Biological basis of personality. Nature, 199, 1031-1034. https://doi.org/10.1038/1991031a0

Eysenck, H. J. (1967). The biological basis of personality (100-117). Springfield, IL: Thomas.

Eysenck, S. B. G., & Chan, J. (1982). A comparative study of personality in adults and children: Hong Kong and England. Personality and Individual Differences, 3(2), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(82)90029-0

Farahani, M. N., & Farzad, V. (2008). Validity and Reliability of Iranian Big Five Factor (GARDOON). Journal of Psychological Studies, 4(2), 57-80. https://doi.org/10.22051/psy.2008.1627

Fayaz, I., & Kiani, J. (2011). A survey on the mental health status of the adolescents in Shahid Dastgheyb and namaazi orphanages of Shiraz. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 1(2), 19-48. https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_2031.html?lang=en

Fletcher, A., Bonell, C. (2008). Hargreaves J. School effects on young people’s drug use: a systematic review of intervention and observational studies. Journal of Adolescence Health, 42 (3), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.020

Gauffin, K., Vinnerljung, B., Fridell, M., Hesse, M., & Hjern, A. (2013). Childhood socio-economic status, school failure and drug abuse: a Swedish national cohort study. Addiction, 108 (8), 1441–1449. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12169

Ghamari, M., & Fakoor, E. (2010). The comparison of coping strategies and mental health and the relationship of these variables among students of divorced and non-divorced parents. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2(4), 119-132. https://sid.ir/paper/190510/en

Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A Broad-Bandwidth, Public Domain Personality Inventory Measuring the Lower-Level Facets of Several Five-Factor Models. In I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe, Vol. 7 (pp. 7-28). Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press.

Kelley, K., Byrne, D., Przybyla, D., Eber|y, C., Ebedy, B., & Greendlinger, V., et al. (1985). Chronic self-destructiveness: Conceptualization, measurement, and initial validation of the construct. Motivation and Emotion, 9(2), 135-51. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/BF00991572

Khormaee, Farhad., & Farmani, Azam. (2014). Psychometric Properties of the Short Form of Goldberg’s 50- Item Personality Scale. Psychological Methods and Models, 4(16), 29-39. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285516.1393.4.16.3.2

Leith, K.P., Baumeister, R.F. (1996). Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behvior? Emotion, risk taking, and self-regulation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 71(6), 1250-1267. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.71.6.1250

Lindström, M., & Rosvall, M. (2019). Parental separation/divorce in childhood and tobacco smoking in adulthood: A population-based study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 48(6), 657-666.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494819846724

Maghsoodlo, M., Azadfallah, P., Rasoolzadeh, K., & Mansoori Sepehr, R. (2016). Comparison of Eysenck personality dimensions according to morningness-eveningness rhythms. Clinical Psychology & Personality (Daneshvar Raftar), 14(1 (26)), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.22070/14.1.43

Molepo, L. S., Sodi, T., Maunganidze, L., & Mudhovozi, P. (2012). Behavioural and emotional development in children of divorce. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 22(2), 251-254.‏

Motataianu, I. R. (2015). The Relation between Anger and Emotional Synchronization in Children from Divorced Families. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 203, 158-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.275

Mousavi, A.S., Azadfalah, P., Farahani, H., Dehghani, M. (2015). The validity, reliability and factorial structure of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CSDS). Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 21 (2), 132-143. http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2429-en.html

Parzham, V. (2018). Comparison of personality characteristics, attachment styles and identity styles in adolescents of divorced and normal families. Thesis for MA in clinical psychology, Islamic Azad University Behshahr. https://civilica.com/doc/697099

Payande, H. (2004). Principles of psychoanalytic theory. Arghanoon, 22, 1-73. http://noo.rs/MhqQc

Rajabi, G., & Abasi, Gh. (2012). An investigation of relationship between self-criticism, social interaction anxiety, and fear of failure with internalized shame in students. Research in Clinical Psychology and Counseling, 1(2), 171-182. https://doi.org/10.22067/ijap.v1i2.9837

Schimmenti, A., Bifulco, A. (2015). Linking lack of care in childhood to anxiety disorders in emerging adulthood: the role of attachment styles. Child and Adolescence Mental Health, 20(1), 41–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12051

Sedaghat, M., Bahrami, H., Kiamanesh, A.R., & Lak, Z. (2014). Comparison of characteristics in popular and solitary girl students. Clinical Psychology & Personality (Daneshvar Raftar), 20(9), 13-22. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23452188.1392.11.2.3.1

Sharifi Daramadi, P. (2007). Comparison of mental hygiene state of divorce, orphan and normal adolescents between 15 and 18 years old in Isfahan city. Quarterly Educational Psychology, 2(8), 71-98. Sid. https://doi.org/10.22054/jep.2007.6011

Shirzad, P. (2019). Comparison of aggression, life expectancy and behavioral problems in divorced and non-divorced children. National Conference on Educational Science Technology and Knowledge, Social Studies and Psychology of Iran. https://civilica.com/doc/821864

Stephen, M. L., Tholene, S., Levison, M., Pilot, M. (2012). Behavioural and Emotional Development in Children of Divorce. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2, 22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2012.10820525

Storksen, I., Roysamb, E., Holmen, T. L., Tambs, K. (2006). Adolescent adjustment and well-being: Effects of parental divorce and distress. Scandinavian. Journal of Psychology, 47(1), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2006.00494.x

Strohschein, l. (2012). Parental divorce and child mental health: Accounting for predisruption deference. Journal of divorce &remarriage, 53(6), 489-502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2012.682903

Thompson, R.G., Jr., Alonzo, D., Hu, M.C., & Hasin, D.S. (2017). The influences of parental divorce and maternal-versus-paternal alcohol abuse on offspring lifetime suicide attempt. Drug and Alcohol Review, 36(3), 408-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12441

Tohidi-Moghadam, H., Kordi-Tamandani, F. (2017). Comparison of mental health, life expectancy and self-image between abused and normal girls. National Conference on Psychology and Social Injury Management. Islamic Azad University, Chabahar branch. https://civilica.com/doc/556696

Wagner, A.W., Rizvi, S.L., Harned, M.S. (2007). Applications of dialectical behavior therapy to the treatment of complex trauma-related problems: when one case formulation does not fit all. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(4):391-400. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20268

Wilson Van Voorhis, C.R., L Morgan, B. (2007). Understanding power and rules of thumb for determining sample size. Methods for Psychology, 3(2), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.03.2.p043

Yaghobi, K., Sohrabi, F., Mofidi, F. (2011). A comparative study of the degree of aggression among divorced and not divorced children. Journal of Psychological Studies, 7(1), 97-110. https://doi.org/10.22051/psy.2011.1558

Journal of Modern Psychology

Comparison of Self-destructiveness, Fear of Performance Failure, and the Big Five Personality Traits in Adolescent Boys with Divorced and Normal Families

References

References

Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 6
April 2022
Pages 33-48

Comparison of Self-destructiveness, Fear of Performance Failure, and the Big Five Personality Traits in Adolescent Boys with Divorced and Normal Families

References

References

Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 6April 2022Pages 33-48

Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 6
April 2022
Pages 33-48