Social Psychology
Godswill Alhassan Moses
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the effect of cognitive restructuring in reducing cognitive dimensions of ethnic intolerance among adolescents in Taraba State.
Methods: The population of this study was 1,514 secondary school students of SS1 in Wukari Education Zone, Taraba State, Nigeria. The researchers ...
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Objective: This study investigated the effect of cognitive restructuring in reducing cognitive dimensions of ethnic intolerance among adolescents in Taraba State.
Methods: The population of this study was 1,514 secondary school students of SS1 in Wukari Education Zone, Taraba State, Nigeria. The researchers utilized purposive sampling technique in drawing a sample of 20 adolescents which were used as subjects of the study. The instrument used for data collection was the Ethnic Intolerance Questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.83. The data collected were analyzed using paired samples t-test to test hypothesis 1 and independent samples t-test for testing hypothesis 2.
Results: The findings revealed that cognitive restructuring was effective in reducing cognitive dimensions of ethnic intolerance. Similarly, the findings revealed that rational emotive behaviour therapy has no significant gender difference in reducing cognitive dimensions of ethnic intolerance.
Conclusion: The study concluded that cognitive restructuring is an effective intervention for reducing cognitive dimensions of ethnic intolerance among adolescents.
Social Psychology
Zahra Sayyad Amin
Abstract
Objective: Social networks have become widely popular among young people in recent years. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the content of young people's attitude towards the positive and negative effects of Instagram.Methods: The approach of the current research is qualitative ...
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Objective: Social networks have become widely popular among young people in recent years. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the content of young people's attitude towards the positive and negative effects of Instagram.Methods: The approach of the current research is qualitative and its method is qualitative content analysis. Among the students of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, 13 students were selected in a purposeful way until the theoretical saturation of the data and were subjected to a semi-structured interview. Coding of the interviews was done in three steps and manually.Finding: The coding of the interviews shows 5 components of increasing awareness (with the subcomponents of enhancing awareness in various fields, learning techniques and skills, increasing media literacy), strengthening relationships (with the subcomponents of awareness of the conditions of friends and relatives, holding celebrations and occasions and strengthening group connection), addiction to Instagram (with the subcomponents of excessive use of Instagram, failure to handle other tasks and unpleasant mental states when not using Instagram), physical and psychological problems (with the subcomponents of negative effects on sleep, negative effects on attention and concentration, experiencing negative and unpleasant emotions and physical pains) and disruption in social ties (with the subcomponents of increased social comparisons, inequality and injustice, mistrust of others and social scandal).Conclusion: According to these findings, it can be concluded that the expansion of social networks, especially Instagram, in recent years has been associated with positive and negative individual and social consequences, which are necessary and vital to pay attention to by the relevant institutions.
Social Psychology
Elham Vali Sheikhzahed
Abstract
Objective: Forgiveness and tolerance in relationships between spouses can be effective in increasing their marital satisfaction. This research was conducted with the aim of predicting marital satisfaction based on forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships.Methods: This research is descriptive ...
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Objective: Forgiveness and tolerance in relationships between spouses can be effective in increasing their marital satisfaction. This research was conducted with the aim of predicting marital satisfaction based on forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships.Methods: This research is descriptive and correlational. The research population was the married students of Qazvin Islamic Azad University in the academic year of 2021-2022. 185 married students were selected using convenience sampling method. Research tools included ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS), Marital Offense-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS) and Tolerance in Spouses' Relations Scale (TSRS). Data were analyzed based on Pearson's correlation coefficient and standard regression with SPSS-20 software.Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships (P < 0.01). Also, forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships could significantly predict marital satisfaction (P < 0.001).Conclusion: According to these results, it can be concluded that the existence of forgiveness and tolerance in the relationship of spouses can strengthen their marital satisfaction, and therefore, they are important topics for teaching couples.
Social Psychology
Elahe Javanmard Kamel; Milad SabzehAra Langaroudi; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari
Abstract
Objective: One of the signs of people's mental health is the ability to adapt to different life conditions. This study aims to explore how parent-child interaction, sense of security, entitlement schema and adjustment are related, and how resilience mediates these relationships.
Methods: The ...
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Objective: One of the signs of people's mental health is the ability to adapt to different life conditions. This study aims to explore how parent-child interaction, sense of security, entitlement schema and adjustment are related, and how resilience mediates these relationships.
Methods: The participants are 250 female high school students from Rudsar city, who were selected by convenience sampling from 5 schools in the academic year 2023-2022. The data were collected online using the following instruments: the Parent-Child Relationship Assessment Questionnaire (PCRS), the Sense of Security in Family System Questionnaire (SIFS), the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), the California Social Adjustment Questionnaire (CSAQ) and the Resilience Scale (SQRS). The data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling with LISREL-8.8 and SPSS-22 software.
Results: The results showed that the data has a good fit with the proposed research model. The results showed that parent-child interaction, sense of security and entitlement schema have a direct and significant impact on the adjustment of female students. Moreover, there was an indirect and significant impact of parent-child interaction, sense of security and entitlement schema on the adjustment of students through the mediating role of resilience (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The results suggest that the type of parent-child interaction, sense of security and the schemas created can influence the individual’s adjustment with the environment, and resilience plays a mediating role in this process. Therefore, paying attention to these variables is recommended to parents, counselors, psychologist and experts in the field of education.
Social Psychology
Fatemeh Pouragha
Abstract
Increasing the happiness of teenagers can provide a proper upbringing for the future generation of the country, and one of the ways to achieve this goal is to teach them life skills. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of the life skills training on the personal and social happiness ...
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Increasing the happiness of teenagers can provide a proper upbringing for the future generation of the country, and one of the ways to achieve this goal is to teach them life skills. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of the life skills training on the personal and social happiness of adolescents. This research is a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. 40 students from the second secondary level of Zanjan city were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (n = 20) and control groups (n = 20), and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and the Social Happiness Questionnaire (SHQ) were administered to them as a pre-test and post-test. The life skills training course were conducted for eight sessions (180 minutes each session) on the experimental group, but no intervention was done on the control group during this period. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and SPSS-23 software. The finding showed that the life skills training course has led to an increase in the personal and social happiness of adolescents (P<0.001). According to these findings, it can be concluded that life skills training as one of the important trainings can be effective in increasing the happiness of teenagers and determine the dynamics of the future generation of the country.
Social Psychology
Sanaz Ghannadi
Abstract
Protecting the environment is one of the ways that the people of every society take to support the next generations, which due to population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is sometimes neglected. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between social ...
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Protecting the environment is one of the ways that the people of every society take to support the next generations, which due to population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is sometimes neglected. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between social capital and environmental protection behaviors. The research population was all the students of Hamedan University in the academic year 2018-2019, and 150 of them were selected by convenience sampling method, and the research questionnaires included the Social Capital Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Environmental Behavior Questionnaire (EBQ). completed Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and SPSS-22 software. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and its components with environmental protection behaviors (P<0.05). According to these findings, it can be concluded that by strengthening social capital, it can be expected that pro-environmental behaviors will increase and better conditions will be provided for the future generations of the country.
Social Psychology
Fatemeh Pouragha; Sayed Omid Sotoodeh Navroodi
Abstract
Divorce is an undeniable fact of personal and social life and it happens when the life together is unbearable for the couple. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing differentiation of self, couple burnout and emotional intimacy in divorce-seeking and normal couples. This research ...
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Divorce is an undeniable fact of personal and social life and it happens when the life together is unbearable for the couple. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing differentiation of self, couple burnout and emotional intimacy in divorce-seeking and normal couples. This research is of comparative causal type. The statistical population of the research included all couples applying for divorce who referred to four counseling centers (Ehya, Khanevade, Negahe No and Hamrah) in Rasht and non-applicant couples living in Rasht in spring and summer of 2022. The investigated sample includes 150 people (75 from divorce-seeking couples and 75 from non-seeking couples) who were selected by convenience sampling method, and were evaluated using the differentiation of self-inventory (DSI), couple burnout measurement (CBM) and personal assessment of intimacy in relationships (PAIR). The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and independent t-test. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups of divorce applicants and non-divorce applicants in all aspects of differentiation of self, couple burnout and emotional intimacy (P< 0.01). Also, the results of the independent t-test showed that there is a significant difference in the total score of differentiation of self, couple burnout and emotional intimacy between the two groups (P< 0.01) and the mean of differentiation of self and emotional intimacy in the group of couples who did not file for divorce and the mean couple burnout was higher in applicant couples. The results of this research showed that the low level of couple burnout as well as having more differentiation of self and intimacy between couples can provide health and stability in their lives.
Social Psychology
Mir Hamid Salehian; Zahra Ezzati Arbat
Abstract
The purpose of the current research was to determine the level of physical activity of the male employees of the police guard and also to investigate the relationships between physical activity and mental and social wellbeing in the male employees of the police guard. The current research was descriptive-correlation ...
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The purpose of the current research was to determine the level of physical activity of the male employees of the police guard and also to investigate the relationships between physical activity and mental and social wellbeing in the male employees of the police guard. The current research was descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of this research included all the male employees of police guard of Tehran in 2021. The statistical sample of the current research included 146 men who were selected through convenience sampling. Physical activity was measured using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), mental health was measured using depression anxiety and stress scale 21 (DASS-21), and social health was measured using the Keyes's social well-being questionnaire (KSWBQ). Pearson’s correlation test and structural equations were used for data analysis. Results showed that the research subjects had a body mass index with an average of 24.40 which is at an average level, but close to overweight. Also, a total of 52% of the subjects had moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. In addition, the mental and social health scores were in the average range. Moreover, physical activity had significant relationships with mental health and social health. The results of the model fit showed that the research model had a good fit. Our findings indicated the positive effects of physical activity on psycho-social health components in the male employees of police guard. These findings show that the use of strategies and interventions to improve the physical activity status of the staff of police guard is of special importance.
Social Psychology
Ghazal Sadat Pournesaei
Abstract
Superstitious beliefs and practices have a determining role in culture and society in traditional communities and influence their worldview and value system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between superstition tendency and depression and anxiety among college students. ...
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Superstitious beliefs and practices have a determining role in culture and society in traditional communities and influence their worldview and value system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between superstition tendency and depression and anxiety among college students. The present study was descriptive-correlational. The research population consisted of all students who were studying at the Islamic Azad University of Bandar-e Anzali in the academic year 2021-2022. From this population, 335 people were selected as the sample using the convenience sampling method. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Superstition Tendency questionnaires were administered to them and the questionnaires were analyzed using correlation and regression statistical methods after collection. The Results showed that there was a significant relationship between superstition tendency and depression and anxiety (P <0.001). As a result, it can be said that superstition tendency can predict depression and anxiety in university students.
Social Psychology
Forough ShafaeianFard; Mohammad Karimakhani; Ali Abedini; Elay Janamoo Berenj Abadi
Abstract
Communication is associated to the effectiveness and efficiency of any sports team function due to its informative, motivational and evaluative role. However, the effects of communication skills within the physical education context are rarely investigated. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate ...
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Communication is associated to the effectiveness and efficiency of any sports team function due to its informative, motivational and evaluative role. However, the effects of communication skills within the physical education context are rarely investigated. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of communication skills in the physical education on enjoyment and involvement of high school students. It was hypothesized that communication skills within the physical education class have positive effects on enjoyment and involvement of high-school students. The method used in this study was a structural equation modelling. The participants included 384 adolescents age 16 to 18 years old (mean 16.96±0.57 years old) who attended in regular high-schools. Teacher Communication Behavior Questionnaire (TCBQ) and Fragebogens zur Erfassung von Freude am Schulsport im Jugendalter (FEFS-J), and Student Engagement Instrument (SCI) were used for assessing communication skills, enjoyment, and involvement. To analyze data, we used Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling. Results showed that communication skills had significant effects on enjoyment (T=4.182) and involvement (T=6.082). In addition, enjoyment had significant effects on involvement (T=3.291). Results of evaluating fitness of good showed that our model has a good fit (GOF=0.93). Communication skills are very important for engagement and learning of students.
Social Psychology
Tayebeh Khayatan; Sharam Jafarzadeh; Hossein Sadeghi Mollamahaleh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of the elderly and compare it between men and women. In this cross-sectional study, four elderly homes in the city of Ardabil were randomly selected (two male elderly homes and two female elderly homes) and then 60 elderly (36 female and 24 male) ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of the elderly and compare it between men and women. In this cross-sectional study, four elderly homes in the city of Ardabil were randomly selected (two male elderly homes and two female elderly homes) and then 60 elderly (36 female and 24 male) They were asked to answer the SF-36 questionnaire and then the data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the mean scores of elderly residents of Ardabil in the nursing home in each of the eight sub-scales of the quality of life questionnaire were lower than those of non-elderly people in similar research. Also, the mean scores of these people's quality of life were lower than other elderly people in other studies, and they only had higher scores in terms of energy-fatigue. Another finding of this study was that elderly men had significantly higher scores in energy-fatigue subscales (t = 2.73, p = 0.008), emotional well-being (t = 2/05, p = 0.04) and physical pain (t = 0.22, p = 0.05). According to the results, it seems that the elderly residents of the elderly homes of Ardebil are not well-positioned in terms of quality of life. Although it is inevitable to reduce the quality of life in old age, failure to address the conditions of the elderly and their quality of life can impose material and immaterial costs on the society and these people themselves.
Social Psychology
Mir Hamid Salehian; Roya Hosseinzadeh Peyghan
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of teaching style in physical education on prosocial and antisocial behaviors of children. We used a descriptive-correlational method for this study. The participates of the present study included 384 primary school students (mean age of 9.17 years ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of teaching style in physical education on prosocial and antisocial behaviors of children. We used a descriptive-correlational method for this study. The participates of the present study included 384 primary school students (mean age of 9.17 years old), including 192 boys and 192 girls which were selected by using a convenience sampling method. For collecting data, teacher as social context (TASC) Questionnaire, sport climate questionnaire (SCQ) and prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport scale (PABSS) were used. Correlation test and structural equation method were used for da analysis. The results showed that perceived need support directly affected prosocial behaviors. In addition, perceived need thwarting indirectly affected prosocial behaviors. Moreover, perceived need support indirectly affected antisocial behaviors. Finally, perceived need thwarting directly affected antisocial behaviors. These findings demonstrate that needs supportive teaching style would lead to increase the prosocial behaviors and decrease antisocial behaviors in the physical education class among children.
Social Psychology
Zahra Ezzati Arbat; Roya Hosseinzadeh Peyghan
Abstract
Although some factors affecting children’s participation in physical activity and sports are well known, the important social factors that influence children’s participation in physical activity and sports have not been properly identified. In this study, we aimed to design a model of social ...
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Although some factors affecting children’s participation in physical activity and sports are well known, the important social factors that influence children’s participation in physical activity and sports have not been properly identified. In this study, we aimed to design a model of social factors influencing children’s participation in physical activity and sports. The method used in the present research is descriptive-correlation based on the structural equation method. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 384 students who were selected through convenience sampling method. Social factors such as parental socioeconomic status, social support, social competence, and social acceptance were measured using standard questionnaires. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze data. The results of the path analysis showed that parental socioeconomic status, social support, social competence and social acceptance had significant effects on motivation (all T>1.96). Moreover, motivation had significant effect on intention to physical activity (T=3.628). Finally, intention to physical activity had significant effect on physical activity (T=5.189). These results show that social factors can be considered in the process of children’s participation in physical activity and sports. In this regard, the role of parents, physical education teachers and friends is very important.
Social Psychology
Ghazal Sadat Pournesaei; Maryam Rostami
Abstract
The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of social skills training on the adaptive behavior of late learning children. This research was quasi-experimental in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research included all the students of ...
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The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of social skills training on the adaptive behavior of late learning children. This research was quasi-experimental in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research included all the students of Bandar Anzali city who studied in primary schools or referred to counseling centers of the city in the academic year of 1401-1400. For this purpose, 30 students who were diagnosed as late learners on the basis of the Wechsler IQ test and who had obtained a low score in Adaptive Behavior Scale (AISS) and clinical interviews with teachers, were selected and randomly selected. They were divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Then, social skills training was conducted for 2 months during 12 two-hour training sessions for the subjects of the experimental group and the control group did not receive any training. Then, the adaptive behavior test was performed again on both groups. The data were analyzed using the covariance statistical method. The results showed that social skills training improves the adaptive behavior of late learning children (F=0.389 and P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that school teachers and counselors and parents can use social skills in schools and at home and counseling centers to improve the adaptation of late learning children.
Social Psychology
Roya Hosseinzadeh Peyghan; Mir Hamid Salehian; Sedigheh Khajeaflaton Mofrad; Forough ShafaeianFard
Abstract
One of the disabilities that has rarely been studied in the field of observational learning is autism. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of watching a video model with different skill levels on learning a basketball skill in adolescents with autism. The current study is descriptive ...
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One of the disabilities that has rarely been studied in the field of observational learning is autism. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of watching a video model with different skill levels on learning a basketball skill in adolescents with autism. The current study is descriptive and causal-comparative. The subjects of this study consisted of 60 adolescents with autism with an age range of 13 to 18 years, and they were randomly and equally divided into three groups: skilled model, novice model, and control. The motor task involved a basketball throwing, in which the accuracy score was measured as the dependent variable. The subjects performed the pre-test (including ten throws), the acquisition stage (including 5 10-throws training blocks), and the retention test (including ten throws). Subjects in the observation groups watched their respective models for five times before each training block. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the throwing accuracy. The results showed that novice video group had significantly better throwing scores than skilled video model and control groups in the acquisition phase and retention test. In addition, skilled group had significantly better throwing scores than control group in the acquisition phase and retention test. The results of this study show that people with autism benefit from watching a video model to learn a basketball throwing skill. This result may indicate that these people have the necessary mechanisms to learn new skills through video observation.
Social Psychology
Saeid Shahhosseini Tazik; Hamid Haghighimanesh; Alaleh Hojjatpanah Montazeri; Mohammad Arghabaei; Somayyeh Allahyari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on marital conflict and quality of life in veterans of the Iran-Iraq war. The research was a quasi-experimental design using pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on marital conflict and quality of life in veterans of the Iran-Iraq war. The research was a quasi-experimental design using pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all veterans who referred to the counseling center of the Foundation of Martyrs in Mashhad in 2022. Using purposive sampling based on the initial questionnaire scores, 30 individuals were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 participants, experimental and control. Kansas Marital Conflict Scale (KMCS) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL-BREF) questionnaire were used to measure marital conflict and quality of life, respectively. One-way and multivariate analysis of covariance tests were used for data analysis. The results showed that ACT was effective in reducing marital conflict (P=0.001, F=15.993) and improving quality of life (P=0.001, F=67.934) in the research sample. These findings suggest that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be used to reduce marital conflicts and improve the quality of life of veterans in clinical settings.
Social Psychology
Mostafa Kia; Tahereh Ranjbaripoor
Abstract
One of the important methods to increase organizational virtue is leadership, and leadership can increasingly be considered as a role to create differences, so among the theories that have been proposed to inspire and apply organizational virtue is the theory of authentic leadership. May it be considered ...
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One of the important methods to increase organizational virtue is leadership, and leadership can increasingly be considered as a role to create differences, so among the theories that have been proposed to inspire and apply organizational virtue is the theory of authentic leadership. May it be considered the newest and most complete leadership approach that has been proposed in recent years. The purpose of this research is to prediction psychological well-being based on the perceived authentic leadership style and work engagement in the employees of Hablex factory in Qods Razavi province. The statistical population of the present research will include the employees of Hebelx factory in Astan Quds Razavi, whose number is 96 people. This research was descriptive type and correlation base,. The total sample society 77 persons selected by Cochran formula. To measure the research variables, three questionnaires deployed as below: psychological well-being (Ryff), work engagement (UTRECHT) and authentic leadership (Avolio). At the inferential level, the multivariate regression method was used to test the hypotheses. The results of the research showed that psychological well-being can be predicted based on the perceived authentic leadership style and job enthusiasm in the employees of Hablex factory in Qods Razavi province.
Social Psychology
Tayebeh Khayatan; Fatemeh Sargazi; Hossein Sadeghi Mollamahaleh
Abstract
Spiritual intelligence is one of the types of intelligence that combines the concepts of intelligence and spirituality in a new sense. People with higher spiritual intelligence seem to have a better status in terms of mental health and life satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ...
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Spiritual intelligence is one of the types of intelligence that combines the concepts of intelligence and spirituality in a new sense. People with higher spiritual intelligence seem to have a better status in terms of mental health and life satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence with life satisfaction and general health among female nurses in Kermanshah. In this cross-sectional analytical study, 109 female nurses of Kermanshah hospitals were selected using convenience sampling method and completed Spiritual intelligence scale (SIS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the subscale of perception and connection to universe of spiritual intelligence and life satisfaction (p<0.01) and a negative and significant correlation with general health and its subscales (p<0.01). Moreover There was a positive and significant correlation between the subscale of spiritual life and the reliance on the inner core of spiritual intelligence and life satisfaction (p<0.01) and there was a negative and significant correlation with general health and its subscales (p<0.01). According to the results, it seems that nurses with higher spiritual intelligence have higher levels of life satisfaction and are in better health condition. Spirituality training and spiritual intelligence classes can provide a source of support against the stress experienced by nurses.
Social Psychology
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi; Maryam Mehrani
Abstract
This research aimed at the prediction of social adjustment based on early maladaptive schemas and social skills. In this research, 133 subjects, all were inhabitants of Tehran and were selected by the convenient method, responded to online questionnaires including Bell Adjustment Questionnaire (BAI), ...
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This research aimed at the prediction of social adjustment based on early maladaptive schemas and social skills. In this research, 133 subjects, all were inhabitants of Tehran and were selected by the convenient method, responded to online questionnaires including Bell Adjustment Questionnaire (BAI), Young Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YEMSQ), and Matson Evaluation Social Skill with Youngsters (MESSY). The LISREL and SPSS-22 softwares and the methods of Pearson correlation and Structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Results showed that early maladaptive schemas in five areas (disconnection & rejection, impaired autonomy & performance, impaired limits, other-direction, and overvigilance/ inhibition) were correlated reversely with social adjustment. Social adjustment also was correlated positively with social skills. Applying the structural equation modeling showed that social adjustment is predictable based on early maladaptive schemas and social skills. Out of the schemas, two areas of impaired limits (-0.69) and impaired autonomy & performance (-0.53) have the most negative impact on social adjustment. Social skills, as the second strongest variable, have the highest positive impact on social skills, after impaired autonomy & performance. The results were explained in the context of the theory of early maladaptive schemas, and some points were suggested regarding an increase in social adjustment.
Social Psychology
Tayebeh Baniasadi; Pouya Biyabani; Fatemeh Karimi Asl; Sedigheh Khajeaflaton Mofrad
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of positive social-comparative feedback on motor learning and self-efficacy of a throwing motor skill in individuals with ADHD. The subjects were 44 adolescents with ADHD in the age range of 15 to 18 years old and were randomly and equally divided ...
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The present study was designed to investigate the effects of positive social-comparative feedback on motor learning and self-efficacy of a throwing motor skill in individuals with ADHD. The subjects were 44 adolescents with ADHD in the age range of 15 to 18 years old and were randomly and equally divided into two groups: positive social-comparative feedback and control group. Motor task consisted of throwing bean bags with the non-dominant arm at a target on the ground. The participants completed the pretest (10 trials), an acquisition phase including 6 blocks of 10 trials, and a retention test consisting of 10 trials. The participants in the positive social comparison feedback group were informed that their throws on the previous block were, on average, better than the throws of the other participants in this group. Prior to pretest, each block, and before the retention test, all participants completed the self-efficacy scale. Dependent measures were throwing accuracy scores and self-efficacy. Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were employed to analyze the data. Positive social comparison feedback group throwed the bean bags significantly better in the acquisition phase and the retention test compared to the control group. In addition, positive social comparison feedback group reported significantly higher self-efficacy scores in the acquisition phase and the retention test in comparison to the control group. Our findings indicated that enhanced expectancies benefited individuals with ADHD to enhance their performance and learn a novel motor skill
Social Psychology
Yadola Zargar; Fatemeh Sarami
Abstract
The present study, as an interdisciplinary research between sociology and psychology, aimed to construct a scale for socio-political perfectionism and compare perfectionism among the 18 to 35-year-old Iranian students living in Iran (155 persons) and those residing Germany and Canada (105 persons). Regarding ...
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The present study, as an interdisciplinary research between sociology and psychology, aimed to construct a scale for socio-political perfectionism and compare perfectionism among the 18 to 35-year-old Iranian students living in Iran (155 persons) and those residing Germany and Canada (105 persons). Regarding this, the sample (360 persons) was selected through convenience sampling and data were collected online using Google Drive. Additionally, positive and negative perfectionism scale and attitude measurement question about the severity of social issues, as well as the scale of socio-political perfectionism, were used as the instruments. The scale related to socio-political perfectionism was obtained by using the factor analysis having a 12-item factor, and applied in the present study for the first time. The validity and reliability of the scale were determined as optimum. The results were explained by psychological and sociological researches and theories by representing the effectiveness of cultural differences in the socio-political perfectionism.
Social Psychology
Zahra Sadeghnia Salakgani; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari; Fatemeh Ashournejad
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between online game addiction and self-efficacy, creativity and social skills. The statistical population included all female high school students in Rudsar who were studying in 2020-2021. From this community, 150 people were selected by convenience ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between online game addiction and self-efficacy, creativity and social skills. The statistical population included all female high school students in Rudsar who were studying in 2020-2021. From this community, 150 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included the Online Game Addiction Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Creativity Questionnaire, and the Social Skills Questionnaire. In this study, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression and SPSS-22 software were used for data analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the components of online game addiction (academic and occupational performance problems and social and mood problems) were able to achieve 48.8% of the variance of self-efficacy, 43.3% of the variance of creativity and 27.4% of the variance of skills Predict students' social (p˂0.05). Therefore, the results of this study show the importance of paying attention to online game addiction in students and its prevention can be associated with positive psychological variables.
Social Psychology
kiana Sabet Dizkuhi; Seyed Mousa Kafie Masooleh
Abstract
One of the common problems among university students is self-harm behavior which has many negative consequences for the people involved and the society. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of occurrence of self-harm behavior in university students. The participants of this descriptive ...
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One of the common problems among university students is self-harm behavior which has many negative consequences for the people involved and the society. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of occurrence of self-harm behavior in university students. The participants of this descriptive study include the entire undergraduate students of the University of Guilan in the academic year 2019-20. A total of 508 students (368 females and 140 males) are selected based on Convenience Sampling. For data collection, the Self-harm Inventory Questionnaire (SHI) is employed; moreover, descriptive statistics as well as Chi-square test are used. According to the findings, 17.8% of students have self-harm behavior. The results of Chi-square test reveal that there is no significant difference between male and female students in terms of the frequency of occurrence of direct, indirect and general self-harm behavior (P> 0.01). Burning the body, recklessness in driving, alcohol abuse and deliberate loss of job in male students and being involved in relationships that expose one to sexual abuse and deliberate self-starvation are more common in female students (p< 0.01). Also, local and non-local university students and different age groups of students show significant different behavior in terms of direct and indirect self-harm (P<0.01). Based on the findings, it can be stated that self-harm is relatively common behavior among university students. As a result, these people need to be identified and treated in a timely manner to reduce the negative consequences of this kind of behavior.
Social Psychology
Narges Haj Abootalebi; Shohreh Ghanbari; Bahareh Rasoliyan; Maryam Aghel Masjedi
Abstract
The family is considered the first social institution created by marriage. One of the outstanding features of a successful marriage is the intimacy between spouses. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between self-control and perceived social support with marital intimacy among female ...
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The family is considered the first social institution created by marriage. One of the outstanding features of a successful marriage is the intimacy between spouses. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between self-control and perceived social support with marital intimacy among female students. The study was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population consisted of married female students of Azad University, North Tehran Branch during 2018-2019. The statistical sample was selected by simple random sampling method from among 150 married female students. To collect data, Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIQ) and Self-Control Questionnaire (SCQ) and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression were used to analyze the data using SPSS-23 software. It was found that a significant positive relationship exists between marital intimacy and perceived social support and self-control in married female students. Further, there is a positive and significant relationship between marital intimacy and self-control. Increasing social support and self-control can improve some aspects of marital intimacy
Social Psychology
Atefeh Zarastvand; Raheleh Firouzi; Maryam Aghel Masjedi
Abstract
An intellectually disabled child has some negative effects on parents' mental health. Social Perspective-taking is one of the variables that affects mothers of intellectually disabled children. The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy and spiritual therapy ...
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An intellectually disabled child has some negative effects on parents' mental health. Social Perspective-taking is one of the variables that affects mothers of intellectually disabled children. The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy and spiritual therapy on the social perspective-taking of mothers with the intellectually disabled children. This was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers with intellectually disabled students in Tehran 14th district, selected by simple random sampling and divided into three Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy (n = 10), Spirituality Therapy (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The data collection tool was Social Perspective-Taking Scale. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-24 statistical software. Analyzing the data showed that both methods of Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy and spiritual therapy, affect the social Perspective-taking of mothers with intellectually disabled children. In addition, the results of comparing the two methods showed that spirituality therapy is more effective than Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy on the social Perspective-taking of mothers with intellectually disabled children. Regarding the effectiveness of Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy, both methods can be used to improve Mothers' social Perspective-taking with intellectually disabled children.
