Journal of Modern Psychology

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Contact Information

Contact Form

The Effects of Model’s Skill Level on Learning a Basketball Skill in Children with Autism

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Gorgan, Iran.

3 MSc Student, Department of Psychology, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran

Abstract

One of the disabilities that has rarely been studied in the field of observational learning is autism. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of watching a video model with different skill levels on learning a basketball skill in adolescents with autism. The current study is descriptive and causal-comparative. The subjects of this study consisted of 60 adolescents with autism with an age range of 13 to 18 years, and they were randomly and equally divided into three groups: skilled model, novice model, and control. The motor task involved a basketball throwing, in which the accuracy score was measured as the dependent variable. The subjects performed the pre-test (including ten throws), the acquisition stage (including 5 10-throws training blocks), and the retention test (including ten throws). Subjects in the observation groups watched their respective models for five times before each training block. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the throwing accuracy. The results showed that novice video group had significantly better throwing scores than skilled video model and control groups in the acquisition phase and retention test. In addition, skilled group had significantly better throwing scores than control group in the acquisition phase and retention test. The results of this study show that people with autism benefit from watching a video model to learn a basketball throwing skill. This result may indicate that these people have the necessary mechanisms to learn new skills through video observation.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
Afsanepurak, S.A., Bahram, A., Dana, A., Abdi. J. (2012). The Effect of Self-talk and Mental Imagery on Self-efficacy in Throwing Darts in Adolescents. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3(3), 594-600. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3947464
Aqdassi, L., Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H.R., & Fathabadi, J. (2021). A family-based telerehabilitation program for improving gross motor skills in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation, 15(3), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v15i3.7738  
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Birchwood, J., & Daley, D. (2012). Brief report: the impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on academic performance in an adolescent community sample. Journal of Adolescents, 35(1), 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.08.011
Blandin, Y., & Proteau, L. (2000). On the cognitive basis of observational learning: Development of mechanisms for the detection and correction of errors. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53(A), 846-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755917
Dana, A., Rafiee, S., & Gholami, A. (2019). Motor reaction time and accuracy in patients with multiple sclerosis: effects of an active computerized training program. Neurological Sciences, 40(9), 1849-1854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-03892-6
Eskandari Nejad, M., Mobayen, F., & Dana, A. (2015). The effect of basketball training on ADHD children's learning skills. Research Journal of Sport Sciences, 3(6), 163- 167. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20153310003
Farsi, A., Bahmanbegloo, Z. H., Abdoli, B., & Ghorbani, S. (2016). The Effect of Observational Practice by a Point-Light Model on Learning a Novel Motor Skill. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 123(2), 477–488. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512516662896
Ghorbani, S., & Bund, A. (2014). Acquisition a Baseball-Pitch through Observation: What Information Is Extracted? American Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 2(6A), 18-21. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-2-6A-5
Ghorbani, S., & Bund, A. (2020). Motivational Effects of Enhanced Expectancies for Motor Learning in Individuals with High and Low Self-Efficacy. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 127(1), 263-274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512519892390
Ghorbani, S., Ghanati, P., Dana, A., & Salehian, M. H. (2020). The Effects of Autonomy Support on Observational Motor Learning. Iranian Journal of Learning & Memory, 3(11), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.22034/iepa.2021.242953.1195
Ghorbani, S., Dana, A., & Christodoulides, E. (2020). Effects of external focus of attention on learning static balance among girls with ADHD. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 12(1), 69-74. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22034/iepa.2021.242953.1195.
Gkotzia, E., Venetsanou, F., & Kambas, A. (2017). Motor proficiency of children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities: A review. European Psychomotricity Journal, 9(1), 46-69. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.03205
Goulardins, J. B., Marques, J. C. B., & DeOliveira, J. A. (2017). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and motor impairment: A critical review. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 124(2), 425-440. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512517690607
Hayes, J. S., et al. (2013). Visual online control processes are acquired during observational practice. Acta Psychologica, 143(3), 298-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.04.012
Hayes, S.J., et al. (2010). General motor representations are developed during action observation. Experimental Brain Research, 204(2):199-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-010-2303-6
Ketcheson, L., Hauck, J. L., & Ulrich, D. (2018). The levels of physical activity and motor skills in young children with and without autism spectrum disorder, aged 2-5 years. Autism, 22(3), 414-423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316683889
Larssen, B. C., et al. (2012). What and learn: Seeing is better than doing when acquiring consecutive motor tasks. Plos One, 7(6), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038938
Lourenco, C., Esteves, D., Nunes, C., & Liu, T. (2020). Motor proficiency of children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children in Portugal. Journal of Physical Education & Sport, 20(3), 1491-1496. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.03205
Magill, R.A. (2007). Motor learning and control concepts and applications. Eighth Edition, McGraw Hill.
Mohd Nordin, A., Ismail, J., & Kamal Nor, N. (2021). Motor development in children with autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, 598276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.598276
Scully, D. M., & Newell, K. M. (1985). Observational learning and the acquisition of motor skills: Toward a visual perception perspective. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 11(4), 169-186.
Ste-Marie, D., et al. (2012). Observation interventions for motor skill learning and performance: An applied model for the use of observation. International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 5(2), 145-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2012.665076
Journal of Modern Psychology
Volume 2, Issue 3 - Serial Number 7
July 2022
Pages 14-21
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics