Objective: Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face profound caregiving demands that impair their ability to mentalize. This reflective capacity is essential for sensitive caregiving and optimal family functioning. This study examined whether a brief, eight-session mentalization-based group training program could enhance maternal caregiving quality and family executive functioning in mothers of children with ASD.Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with a matched control group was employed. Thirty mothers of children with ASD (aged 3–12 years, diagnosed per DSM-5) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) or a wait-list control group (n = 15) using coin toss. The experimental group participated in eight weekly, 90-minute group sessions of mentalization-based training delivered by a trained clinical psychologist. Both groups completed the Maternal Caregiving Quality Scale (MCQ) and the Family Executive Functioning Scale (FEF) at baseline and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), controlling for pretest scores.Results: The intervention produced statistically and clinically meaningful improvements in both outcomes. Maternal caregiving quality increased significantly (F(1, 27) = 23.214, p < .001, η² = .462). Family executive functioning also improved markedly (F(1, 27) = 9.791, p = .004, η² = .266). Effect sizes were large.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that a brief, group-based mentalization-based training program is a promising, low-burden intervention for mothers of children with ASD. By strengthening mothers' reflective capacities, the program enhances caregiving quality and supports healthier family dynamics. The results underscore the importance of integrating mentalization-focused support into family-centered services.