Abnormal Psychology
Sedigheh Khajeaflaton Mofrad; Forough ShafaeianFard; Tayebeh Baniasadi
Abstract
It has been shown that physical activity (PA) is related to motor proficiency in children. Nevertheless, relationships between PA and balance performance among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been rarely examined. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between ...
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It has been shown that physical activity (PA) is related to motor proficiency in children. Nevertheless, relationships between PA and balance performance among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been rarely examined. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between PA and static and dynamic balance performance among children with ASD. The method used in this study was correlational. Eighty children with ASD (range age between 8 to 14 years old, average 11.51 years old) attended in special schools participated in this study. PA was measured using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Static and dynamic balance tests were used to measure balance performance. Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Children with ASD had low amount of PA and balance performance. PA was significantly and directly associated with static and dynamic balance performance. In addition, PA has significantly and directly predicted both static and dynamic balance performance. PA plays a very important role in the motor proficiency in children with ASD. Hence, there is a need for targeted strategies and interventions to increase the level of PA in this population.
Abnormal Psychology
Ghazal Sadat Pournesaei; Maryam Rostami
Abstract
Addiction is a complex and difficult issue, with relapses occurring in about 50 to 70 percent of addicts after quitting. To better understanding the factors associated with relapse, we conducted a study from the perspective of drug abusers in self-referral centers affiliated with the Welfare Organization ...
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Addiction is a complex and difficult issue, with relapses occurring in about 50 to 70 percent of addicts after quitting. To better understanding the factors associated with relapse, we conducted a study from the perspective of drug abusers in self-referral centers affiliated with the Welfare Organization of Bandar-e Anzali. Our sample consisted of 181 men referred to addiction treatment centers in Bandar-e Anzali in 1400. We used a researcher-made questionnaire to collect data on demographic information and factors related to relapse. Our findings revealed that associating with addicted and deviant friends (2.62%) was the most important factor associated with relapse from the perspective of addicts. Based on our results, we suggest that training and intervention for assertiveness (the skill of saying no) in front of friends and changing clients’ lifestyles, as well as teaching interpersonal relationships and moderation to family members after quitting drug use, are necessary.
Abnormal Psychology
Ziba Dehban; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari; Fatemeh Ashournejad
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of emotional self-awareness in the relationship between moral identity and self-defeating behavior and cognition. This research was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. 200 female students of the ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of emotional self-awareness in the relationship between moral identity and self-defeating behavior and cognition. This research was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. 200 female students of the first secondary school in the villages of Roudbane city in the academic year 2022-2023 were selected using convenience sampling method and the research tools included the moral identity questionnaire (MIQ), self-defeating behaviors & cognitions scale (SDBCS) and self-awareness outcomes questionnaire (SAOQ). Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation and structural equations. The obtained findings showed that moral identity and emotional self-awareness have a direct effect on self-defeating behavior and cognition (p>0.001). Also, moral identity had an indirect effect on self-defeating behavior and cognition with the mediating role of emotional self-awareness (p>0.001). According to the results of the present research, more attention should be paid to the role of moral identity and emotional self-awareness in reducing students' self-defeating behaviors and cognitions.
Abnormal Psychology
Shokoufeh JaliliParvar; Milad SabzehAra Langaroudi; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari
Abstract
Harmful use of digital technologies is increasing among different age groups in society, especially children. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to this issue and educate families to empower them to deal with this issue properly. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of family education ...
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Harmful use of digital technologies is increasing among different age groups in society, especially children. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to this issue and educate families to empower them to deal with this issue properly. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of family education on digital game addiction. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and witness group. The statistical population of this study included male students of the fourth and fifth grades of Farid School in Ramsar city in the academic year of 2019-2020. Those had a cut point above 90 in Videogame Addiction Scale for Children (VASC) were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and witness (n = 20) groups. First, in the pre-test stage, the Videogame Addiction Scale for Children (Yilmatz, Griffiths, & Ken, 2017) was performed on both groups. The experimental group then takes a family education course. At the end of the training period, post-test was performed again in both groups and the data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 24. The results showed that the mean of digital game addiction and its components in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group (p <0.05). According to the findings, it can be concluded that family education is effective in reducing addiction to digital games. Therefore, designing and implementing training courses for families can be helpful in reducing their children's harmful use of such new electronic technologies.
Abnormal Psychology
Alireza Nikmorad; Soheila Asadi; Amin Roustaei
Abstract
The present study compared the effectiveness of group counseling based on choice theory on homesickness and emotion of thought. Research design was quasi-experimental administering a pretest-posttest on an experimental and a control group. The population of this study included all students (female and ...
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The present study compared the effectiveness of group counseling based on choice theory on homesickness and emotion of thought. Research design was quasi-experimental administering a pretest-posttest on an experimental and a control group. The population of this study included all students (female and male) referred to counseling center of Sari Payame Noor University in the academic year 2016-2017. The sample consisted of 30 participants who were randomly divided into two groups (one experimental group and one control group) (15 students in each group). Then, homesickness questionnaire and emotion of thought questionnaire were administered to both groups. For two months, the experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of group counseling based on choice theory; however, the control group did not receive any training during this period. Pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The results showed that experimental interventions (group counseling based on choice theory) reduced homesickness score, decreased impatience of thought and increased dynamics of thought in students (p<0.01). It can be concluded that group counseling of choice theory was effective in improvement of emotion of thought and decreasing homesickness.
Personality Psychology
Kimia Peyghan
Abstract
Identifying some differences between men and women can be useful in guiding people in different areas of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing male and female students in personality traits and psychological symptoms. This research is causal-comparative type. The research population ...
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Identifying some differences between men and women can be useful in guiding people in different areas of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing male and female students in personality traits and psychological symptoms. This research is causal-comparative type. The research population was the students of Islamic Azadi University of Shiraz Branch, who were selected 250 girls and 250 boys by convenience sampling method and completed NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) and Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R). The data of the two groups were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and SPSS-24 software. The findings showed that the score of male students is significantly higher than girls in the personality trait of openness to experience (P<0.001). In the personality traits of conscientiousness, extroversion and agreeableness, the score of female students was significantly higher than male students (P<0.05). Among the psychological symptoms, somatization, depression and anxiety among female students and hostility among male students were significantly higher (P<0.001). According to the results, it can be concluded that there are psychological and personality differences between men and women, which paying attention to them and guiding people based on them can help the future life of people in different fields.
Abnormal Psychology
Layla Adibi Dokhani; Saeid Shahhosseini Tazik; Mohammad Mohammadipour
Abstract
Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder. Its prevalence in women is twice that of men, which seriously affects the mental health of this group. Therefore, it is very important to adopt treatment methods to reduce it. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness ...
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Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder. Its prevalence in women is twice that of men, which seriously affects the mental health of this group. Therefore, it is very important to adopt treatment methods to reduce it. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on coping styles and quality of life of depressed women. This research was a semi-experimental method of pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was made up of all women who referred to counseling centers in Mashhad city in 2017, who scored higher than 13 in the Beck depression test. 30 of them were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method and then randomly divided into two control and experimental groups (15 people in the experimental group - 15 people in the control group). Beck depression inventory (BDI-II), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage in emotional and avoidant coping styles (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the problem-oriented coping style (P<0.05). Also, the results in the quality of life section show a significant difference between the two groups in the variables of social, psychological, physical and environmental quality of life (P<0.05). As a result, it can be said that cognitive behavioral therapy can be used as an efficient treatment method to reduce emotional and avoidant coping styles in depressed patients in the clinical environment. Also, the use of this treatment method increases the level of quality of life in these patients.
Social Psychology
Fatemeh Pouragha
Abstract
Increasing the happiness of teenagers can provide a proper upbringing for the future generation of the country, and one of the ways to achieve this goal is to teach them life skills. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of the life skills training on the personal and social happiness ...
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Increasing the happiness of teenagers can provide a proper upbringing for the future generation of the country, and one of the ways to achieve this goal is to teach them life skills. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of the life skills training on the personal and social happiness of adolescents. This research is a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. 40 students from the second secondary level of Zanjan city were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (n = 20) and control groups (n = 20), and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and the Social Happiness Questionnaire (SHQ) were administered to them as a pre-test and post-test. The life skills training course were conducted for eight sessions (180 minutes each session) on the experimental group, but no intervention was done on the control group during this period. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and SPSS-23 software. The finding showed that the life skills training course has led to an increase in the personal and social happiness of adolescents (P<0.001). According to these findings, it can be concluded that life skills training as one of the important trainings can be effective in increasing the happiness of teenagers and determine the dynamics of the future generation of the country.
Abnormal Psychology
Fateme Rabiei
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in the world, so it is important to know it as well as possible to design interventions to reduce it in society. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between depression with cognitive fusion and defense mechanisms. ...
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Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in the world, so it is important to know it as well as possible to design interventions to reduce it in society. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between depression with cognitive fusion and defense mechanisms. This research is descriptive-correlation type. The research population was the students of Kashan University in the academic year of 2023-2024, and 350 of them were selected by convenience sampling method. Research tools included Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) and Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40). Data analysis was done using SPSS-26 software and Pearson correlation coefficient. The obtained findings showed that depression is positively correlated with cognitive fusion and immature and neurotic defense mechanisms (P < 0.01). But the relationship between depression and mature defense mechanisms such as humor and sublimation was negative and significant (P < 0.01). These findings show that depression is related to unhealthy thought processes such as cognitive fusion and immature and neurotic defense mechanisms, and therefore attention should be paid to this issue in the field of treatment.
Abnormal Psychology
Maryam Aghel Masjedi; Haniyeh Kianimotlagh
Abstract
COVID-19 has shown a high rate of spread and a high death rate. This disease puts the mental health of people in a different social class at risk. The present study was a comparison of meta-worry, rumination and cognitive distortions in COVID-19 pations recovered and normal individuals. Causal-comparative ...
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COVID-19 has shown a high rate of spread and a high death rate. This disease puts the mental health of people in a different social class at risk. The present study was a comparison of meta-worry, rumination and cognitive distortions in COVID-19 pations recovered and normal individuals. Causal-comparative model was hired in the present study. The population of this study included all COVID-19 patients recovered as well as normal people referring to Tonekabon health centers in the period of July and August 2021, of which 120 people were selected according to conveniense sampling. The research instruments were meta-worry Questionnaire (MWQ), the ruminative response scale (RRS) and cognitive distortions scale (CDS). To analyze the collected data, a MANOVA was run using SPSS-24 software. Data analysis reveal that there were differences between meta-worry, mental rumination and cognitive distortions in the two groups of people who recovered from COVID-19 and normal people; those who recovered from COVID-19 indicated more meta-worry, mental rumination and cognitive distortions than normal people. It can be said that based on the results of this research indicating the higher level of rumination, cognitive distortion and meta-worry in people recovered from COVID-19, it is possible to reduce these variables by teaching adaptive strategies to recovered people to deal with meta- worry, rumination and cognitive distortion.
Social Psychology
Saeid Shahhosseini Tazik; Hamid Haghighimanesh; Alaleh Hojjatpanah Montazeri; Mohammad Arghabaei; Somayyeh Allahyari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on marital conflict and quality of life in veterans of the Iran-Iraq war. The research was a quasi-experimental design using pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on marital conflict and quality of life in veterans of the Iran-Iraq war. The research was a quasi-experimental design using pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all veterans who referred to the counseling center of the Foundation of Martyrs in Mashhad in 2022. Using purposive sampling based on the initial questionnaire scores, 30 individuals were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 participants, experimental and control. Kansas Marital Conflict Scale (KMCS) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL-BREF) questionnaire were used to measure marital conflict and quality of life, respectively. One-way and multivariate analysis of covariance tests were used for data analysis. The results showed that ACT was effective in reducing marital conflict (P=0.001, F=15.993) and improving quality of life (P=0.001, F=67.934) in the research sample. These findings suggest that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be used to reduce marital conflicts and improve the quality of life of veterans in clinical settings.
Social Psychology
Sanaz Ghannadi
Abstract
Protecting the environment is one of the ways that the people of every society take to support the next generations, which due to population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is sometimes neglected. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between social ...
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Protecting the environment is one of the ways that the people of every society take to support the next generations, which due to population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is sometimes neglected. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between social capital and environmental protection behaviors. The research population was all the students of Hamedan University in the academic year 2018-2019, and 150 of them were selected by convenience sampling method, and the research questionnaires included the Social Capital Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Environmental Behavior Questionnaire (EBQ). completed Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and SPSS-22 software. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and its components with environmental protection behaviors (P<0.05). According to these findings, it can be concluded that by strengthening social capital, it can be expected that pro-environmental behaviors will increase and better conditions will be provided for the future generations of the country.
Social Psychology
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi; Maryam Mehrani
Abstract
This research aimed at the prediction of social adjustment based on early maladaptive schemas and social skills. In this research, 133 subjects, all were inhabitants of Tehran and were selected by the convenient method, responded to online questionnaires including Bell Adjustment Questionnaire (BAI), ...
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This research aimed at the prediction of social adjustment based on early maladaptive schemas and social skills. In this research, 133 subjects, all were inhabitants of Tehran and were selected by the convenient method, responded to online questionnaires including Bell Adjustment Questionnaire (BAI), Young Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YEMSQ), and Matson Evaluation Social Skill with Youngsters (MESSY). The LISREL and SPSS-22 softwares and the methods of Pearson correlation and Structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Results showed that early maladaptive schemas in five areas (disconnection & rejection, impaired autonomy & performance, impaired limits, other-direction, and overvigilance/ inhibition) were correlated reversely with social adjustment. Social adjustment also was correlated positively with social skills. Applying the structural equation modeling showed that social adjustment is predictable based on early maladaptive schemas and social skills. Out of the schemas, two areas of impaired limits (-0.69) and impaired autonomy & performance (-0.53) have the most negative impact on social adjustment. Social skills, as the second strongest variable, have the highest positive impact on social skills, after impaired autonomy & performance. The results were explained in the context of the theory of early maladaptive schemas, and some points were suggested regarding an increase in social adjustment.
Social Psychology
Mostafa Kia; Tahereh Ranjbaripoor
Abstract
One of the important methods to increase organizational virtue is leadership, and leadership can increasingly be considered as a role to create differences, so among the theories that have been proposed to inspire and apply organizational virtue is the theory of authentic leadership. May it be considered ...
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One of the important methods to increase organizational virtue is leadership, and leadership can increasingly be considered as a role to create differences, so among the theories that have been proposed to inspire and apply organizational virtue is the theory of authentic leadership. May it be considered the newest and most complete leadership approach that has been proposed in recent years. The purpose of this research is to prediction psychological well-being based on the perceived authentic leadership style and work engagement in the employees of Hablex factory in Qods Razavi province. The statistical population of the present research will include the employees of Hebelx factory in Astan Quds Razavi, whose number is 96 people. This research was descriptive type and correlation base,. The total sample society 77 persons selected by Cochran formula. To measure the research variables, three questionnaires deployed as below: psychological well-being (Ryff), work engagement (UTRECHT) and authentic leadership (Avolio). At the inferential level, the multivariate regression method was used to test the hypotheses. The results of the research showed that psychological well-being can be predicted based on the perceived authentic leadership style and job enthusiasm in the employees of Hablex factory in Qods Razavi province.
