Social Psychology
Tayebeh Khayatan; Sharam Jafarzadeh; Hossein Sadeghi Mollamahaleh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of the elderly and compare it between men and women. In this cross-sectional study, four elderly homes in the city of Ardabil were randomly selected (two male elderly homes and two female elderly homes) and then 60 elderly (36 female and 24 male) ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of the elderly and compare it between men and women. In this cross-sectional study, four elderly homes in the city of Ardabil were randomly selected (two male elderly homes and two female elderly homes) and then 60 elderly (36 female and 24 male) They were asked to answer the SF-36 questionnaire and then the data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the mean scores of elderly residents of Ardabil in the nursing home in each of the eight sub-scales of the quality of life questionnaire were lower than those of non-elderly people in similar research. Also, the mean scores of these people's quality of life were lower than other elderly people in other studies, and they only had higher scores in terms of energy-fatigue. Another finding of this study was that elderly men had significantly higher scores in energy-fatigue subscales (t = 2.73, p = 0.008), emotional well-being (t = 2/05, p = 0.04) and physical pain (t = 0.22, p = 0.05). According to the results, it seems that the elderly residents of the elderly homes of Ardebil are not well-positioned in terms of quality of life. Although it is inevitable to reduce the quality of life in old age, failure to address the conditions of the elderly and their quality of life can impose material and immaterial costs on the society and these people themselves.
Abnormal Psychology
Tayebeh Khayatan; SeyedTeymur SeyediAsl; Amir Nazari Anamagh; Hossein Sadeghi Mollamahaleh; Hamed Minaee; Alireza Nazari Anamagh
Abstract
The mobile phone by its entering to human’ life, has caused extensive changes, but sometimes cause problems as well. It seems that people who use the mobile phone in a problematic way are vulnerable to psychological damage. According to existing research, the purpose of this study was to compare ...
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The mobile phone by its entering to human’ life, has caused extensive changes, but sometimes cause problems as well. It seems that people who use the mobile phone in a problematic way are vulnerable to psychological damage. According to existing research, the purpose of this study was to compare the general health of students with problematic use of mobile phones and normal users. In this cross-sectional study, the study population was all students of Ardebil universities in 2013, out of which 116 were recruited using convenience sampling method. For collecting data, the Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (COS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software.There was a positive and significant relationship between problematic use of mobile phones and general health (p<0.01). Also, there was a significant difference between two groups of problematic users and normal users of mobile phones in terms of general health (p<0.01). According to the results, students with problematic use of mobile phones have a lower general health level. Therefore, interventions to improve their health and reduce their problematic use of mobile phones should be considered.
Abnormal Psychology
Tayebeh Baniasadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity with fine and gross motor skills in pre-school children with ADHD. The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. The participants were 58 children (20 girls) aged 4 to 6 years who were selected using a convenience ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity with fine and gross motor skills in pre-school children with ADHD. The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. The participants were 58 children (20 girls) aged 4 to 6 years who were selected using a convenience sampling method. We utilized Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) to measure physical activity. The short form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was used to measure the fine and gross motor. Independent t test and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Children in this study had low levels of physical activity and motor proficiency. Boys had significantly higher physical activity and motor proficiency than girls (P<0.001). In addition, physical activity was directly and significantly associated with fine and gross motor skills (both P<0.001). These findings indicate that there is a need to increase the level of physical activity in pre-school children with ADHD, especially girls. Moreover, it is recommended that physical education teachers and sports coaches use programs in physical education lessons to facilitate motor skills in children.
Personality Psychology
Kobra Abbaspour; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari; Fatemeh Ashournejad
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the causal model of the relationship between cognitive regulation of emotion and the quality of committed relationships of couples with the mediation of mindfulness. The design of the present research was a correlational description. The statistical ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the causal model of the relationship between cognitive regulation of emotion and the quality of committed relationships of couples with the mediation of mindfulness. The design of the present research was a correlational description. The statistical population of the present study included married women in Bandar Ganaveh in 2022, of which 263 were selected by Convenience sampling sampling. The data collection tools in the present study included Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Marital Commitment Questionnaire (DCI) and Freiburg Mind-Awareness Questionnaire-Short Form (FMI) which were completed online. Structural equation modeling method were used to check the hypotheses using SPSS22 and Smart PLS3 software. The obtained findings indicated that the research data has a good fit with the proposed model. The results of data analysis showed that the cognitive regulation of emotion has a positive and direct effect on the quality of committed relationships of couples (p<0.05). Also, there is a positive and direct effect mindfulness and the quality of committed relationships of couples (p<0.05). There is an indirect and effect the cognitive regulation of emotion through mindfulness on the quality of committed relationships of couples (p<0.05). We conclude from this research that; Strengthening the cognitive regulation skills of emotion and mindfulness is related to more committed relationships in married women, and counselors of counseling centers can benefit from the results of this research.
Social Psychology
Somayeh Mirzaian
Abstract
The pattern of change in HIV from fatal diseases to chronic diseases due to improvement of treatment made a new challenge for diagnosis and care for the needs of people who live with HIV. This study reviews the role of health hardiness and anxiety on the immune system and quality of life in HIV patients. ...
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The pattern of change in HIV from fatal diseases to chronic diseases due to improvement of treatment made a new challenge for diagnosis and care for the needs of people who live with HIV. This study reviews the role of health hardiness and anxiety on the immune system and quality of life in HIV patients. 125 men with HIV infected through injection participated in this study. They were asked to complete the revised health hardiness inventory, Spielberg state-trait anxiety inventory, and WHOQOL-brief. Data from four times of cd4 experiment with three-month intervals was obtained from the dossier. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, dependent t-test, multiple regression, and logistic regression. Results of this study show no statistically significant relationship between health hardiness, anxiety, and the immune system. The regression analysis indicates that the total score of quality of life with health hardiness and anxiety was statistically significant (0.0001). Subscales of perceived health (β=0.302), state anxiety (β=-0.305) and trait anxiety (β=-0.449) in equation relative to prediction quality of life were statistically significant (0.0001). Health hardiness and anxiety are not associated with a lowered immune system. The patients with higher anxiety had lower quality of life and those with higher health hardiness had higher quality of life
Psychology
Soolmaz Dehghani Dowlatabadi
Abstract
Women's mental health can overshadow theirs other responsibilities; therefore, examining the role of influential factors in mental health has been considered a matter of importance. The present study aimed to investigate the role of emotional components of quality of life in predicting the mental health ...
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Women's mental health can overshadow theirs other responsibilities; therefore, examining the role of influential factors in mental health has been considered a matter of importance. The present study aimed to investigate the role of emotional components of quality of life in predicting the mental health of married women. This study was descriptive-correlational. In this regard, 240 individuals from the married women community of Shiraz were purposefully selected and surveyed in cyberspace using the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire – 28 (GHQ-28). To analyze the data, multiple regression analysis (enter model) was employed. Data analysis revealed that emotional components of quality of life have a significant relationship with mental health (p< 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the components of energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, and social functioning play a positive role in predicting the mental health of married women; moreover, the component of role dysfunction plays a negative part due to lack of emotional health. According to the findings of the present study, it could be concluded that the emotional well-being, happiness, and vitality of married women can play an important role in their mental health.
Social Psychology
Tayebeh Khayatan; Fatemeh Sargazi; Hossein Sadeghi Mollamahaleh
Abstract
Spiritual intelligence is one of the types of intelligence that combines the concepts of intelligence and spirituality in a new sense. People with higher spiritual intelligence seem to have a better status in terms of mental health and life satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ...
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Spiritual intelligence is one of the types of intelligence that combines the concepts of intelligence and spirituality in a new sense. People with higher spiritual intelligence seem to have a better status in terms of mental health and life satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence with life satisfaction and general health among female nurses in Kermanshah. In this cross-sectional analytical study, 109 female nurses of Kermanshah hospitals were selected using convenience sampling method and completed Spiritual intelligence scale (SIS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the subscale of perception and connection to universe of spiritual intelligence and life satisfaction (p<0.01) and a negative and significant correlation with general health and its subscales (p<0.01). Moreover There was a positive and significant correlation between the subscale of spiritual life and the reliance on the inner core of spiritual intelligence and life satisfaction (p<0.01) and there was a negative and significant correlation with general health and its subscales (p<0.01). According to the results, it seems that nurses with higher spiritual intelligence have higher levels of life satisfaction and are in better health condition. Spirituality training and spiritual intelligence classes can provide a source of support against the stress experienced by nurses.
Abnormal Psychology
Arefeh Hamideh Moghadam; Zeinab Sharifipour Chokami; Khazar Tajbakhsh
Abstract
This study investigated the comparison of cognitive failures, emotional processing and resilience among the girl students with and without test anxiety. The present research is a causal-comparative study. The sample of study was 203 students studying tenth and eleventh grade in Rasht in 2019. 92 students ...
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This study investigated the comparison of cognitive failures, emotional processing and resilience among the girl students with and without test anxiety. The present research is a causal-comparative study. The sample of study was 203 students studying tenth and eleventh grade in Rasht in 2019. 92 students of this sample were with test anxiety and 111 students of it were without test anxiety. The sample of study has been identified and selected from students by cluster sampling with the cutoff point of 50. The students completed Spielberger Test Anxiety Questionnaire, Baker’s Emotional Processing Scale and Connor-Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale. The data was analyzed by multivariable analysis of variance. Results showed that the students with test anxiety have higher scores in cognitive failures, also they have higher scores in emotional processing and lower scores in resilience than students without test anxiety. These results show that cognitive failures, emotional processing and resilience have determinant role in test anxiety.
Social Psychology
Elham Vali Sheikhzahed
Abstract
Objective: Forgiveness and tolerance in relationships between spouses can be effective in increasing their marital satisfaction. This research was conducted with the aim of predicting marital satisfaction based on forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships.Methods: This research is descriptive ...
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Objective: Forgiveness and tolerance in relationships between spouses can be effective in increasing their marital satisfaction. This research was conducted with the aim of predicting marital satisfaction based on forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships.Methods: This research is descriptive and correlational. The research population was the married students of Qazvin Islamic Azad University in the academic year of 2021-2022. 185 married students were selected using convenience sampling method. Research tools included ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS), Marital Offense-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS) and Tolerance in Spouses' Relations Scale (TSRS). Data were analyzed based on Pearson's correlation coefficient and standard regression with SPSS-20 software.Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships (P < 0.01). Also, forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships could significantly predict marital satisfaction (P < 0.001).Conclusion: According to these results, it can be concluded that the existence of forgiveness and tolerance in the relationship of spouses can strengthen their marital satisfaction, and therefore, they are important topics for teaching couples.
Social Psychology
Mir Hamid Salehian; Roya Hosseinzadeh Peyghan
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of teaching style in physical education on prosocial and antisocial behaviors of children. We used a descriptive-correlational method for this study. The participates of the present study included 384 primary school students (mean age of 9.17 years ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of teaching style in physical education on prosocial and antisocial behaviors of children. We used a descriptive-correlational method for this study. The participates of the present study included 384 primary school students (mean age of 9.17 years old), including 192 boys and 192 girls which were selected by using a convenience sampling method. For collecting data, teacher as social context (TASC) Questionnaire, sport climate questionnaire (SCQ) and prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport scale (PABSS) were used. Correlation test and structural equation method were used for da analysis. The results showed that perceived need support directly affected prosocial behaviors. In addition, perceived need thwarting indirectly affected prosocial behaviors. Moreover, perceived need support indirectly affected antisocial behaviors. Finally, perceived need thwarting directly affected antisocial behaviors. These findings demonstrate that needs supportive teaching style would lead to increase the prosocial behaviors and decrease antisocial behaviors in the physical education class among children.
Personality Psychology
Akbar Karami; Hamid Amini Koltapeh; Nasim Noori; Akbar Mahdilou
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the general health, resilience, and identity crisis among children from families supported by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, as well as predicting the general health of individuals based on resilience and identity crisis. In this research, 156 male students ...
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The aim of this study is to investigate the general health, resilience, and identity crisis among children from families supported by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, as well as predicting the general health of individuals based on resilience and identity crisis. In this research, 156 male students from the province of Zanjan and the city of Maragheh, who were under the support of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, were studied using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Rajaei Identity Crisis Scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicated a significant positive relationship between general health and resilience, and a significant negative relationship between general health and identity crisis among these individuals. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship was found between resilience and identity crisis. Multiple regression analysis showed that general health explains a small amount of the variance in resilience and identity crisis in these individuals. This study demonstrated that under conditions of high resilience and low identity crisis, individuals would have better general health.
Abnormal Psychology
Horrieh Abbasmofrad; Sara Abootalebi
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the most common type of heart disease in which the arteries of the heart become narrow and stiff. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between resilience and depression among patients with cardiovascular disease. This study is descriptive and correlational. ...
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Coronary heart disease is the most common type of heart disease in which the arteries of the heart become narrow and stiff. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between resilience and depression among patients with cardiovascular disease. This study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research includes all cardiovascular patients in East Guilan province in 2018. From the target population, 150 patients were selected using purposeful sampling, and then resilience (CD-RIS) and depression (questionnaires ZSD) were administered on them, and then the data were analyzed using correlation and regression methods. were analyzed multiple times. The findings showed that there is a negative relationship between resilience and depression among patients with cardiovascular disease (P<0.01). Also, resilience negatively and depression positively predicted the severity of heart disease (P<0.01). The results emphasize the need to strengthen resilience in order to reduce depression in cardiovascular patients.
Social Psychology
Zahra Sadeghnia Salakgani; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari; Fatemeh Ashournejad
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between online game addiction and self-efficacy, creativity and social skills. The statistical population included all female high school students in Rudsar who were studying in 2020-2021. From this community, 150 people were selected by convenience ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between online game addiction and self-efficacy, creativity and social skills. The statistical population included all female high school students in Rudsar who were studying in 2020-2021. From this community, 150 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included the Online Game Addiction Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Creativity Questionnaire, and the Social Skills Questionnaire. In this study, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression and SPSS-22 software were used for data analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the components of online game addiction (academic and occupational performance problems and social and mood problems) were able to achieve 48.8% of the variance of self-efficacy, 43.3% of the variance of creativity and 27.4% of the variance of skills Predict students' social (p˂0.05). Therefore, the results of this study show the importance of paying attention to online game addiction in students and its prevention can be associated with positive psychological variables.
Personality Psychology
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi; Masoume Jafari-nejad
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare self-destructiveness, fear of failure, and the big five personality traits in adolescent boys in divorced and normal families, employing a causal-comparative method. Ninety boys (of divorced and normal families, 45 in each group) were selected through purposeful ...
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The aim of the present study was to compare self-destructiveness, fear of failure, and the big five personality traits in adolescent boys in divorced and normal families, employing a causal-comparative method. Ninety boys (of divorced and normal families, 45 in each group) were selected through purposeful sampling method for teenagers from divorced families and random sampling for teenagers from normal families. All of which were 15 to18 year-old boys studying in the second grade of high school in Karaj. To collect the data, Chronic self-destructiveness Scale (CSDS), Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were run, and Multivariate analysis of variance test was used for analysis of data. Results showed that chronic self-destructiveness (F=94/64, p ≤ .001), inconsideration and lack of commitment (F=28/818, p ≤ .001), neglect (F=160/60, p ≤ .001), risk taking (F=43/543, p ≤ .001), stupefaction (F=52/933, p ≤ .001), fear of failure (F=1238/00, p ≤ .001), fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment (F= 1035 / 45 , p ≤ .001), fear of devaluing one's self-esteem (F = 1600 / 64 , p ≤ .001), fear of having an uncertain future (F = 1507 / 61 , p ≤ .001 ) ), fear of losing interest from important others (F= 69 / 872 , p ≤ .001) and neuroticism (F = 94 / 2202 , p ≤ .001) were higher in adolescent boys with divorced families than normal ones. In other dimensions of the big five, extraversion (F= 1719 / 52, p ≤ .001), openness to experience (F = 47 / 12, p ≤ .001), agreeableness (F = 3032 / 96, p ≤ .001), and conscientiousness (F= 1788 / 59, p ≤ .001), the mean scores in adolescent boys with normal families were higher than the ones from divorced. The negative experiences, the absence of a caring parent, and the lack of a sense of security in divorced families can be the reasons behind the higher rate of self-destructiveness and fear of success in adolescents from divorced families.
Abnormal Psychology
Farshid Delaei Milan
Abstract
Online binge-watching is a common practice nowadays. It is defined as watching multiple episodes in one sitting. It may seem a new phenomenon, but the same mechanism happened to the Persian King and kept him listening to Scheherazade's stories for 1001 nights, which made him forgot about killing young ...
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Online binge-watching is a common practice nowadays. It is defined as watching multiple episodes in one sitting. It may seem a new phenomenon, but the same mechanism happened to the Persian King and kept him listening to Scheherazade's stories for 1001 nights, which made him forgot about killing young virgin girls and also delayed his bedtime. This study aims to investigate the relationships between these variables in Iranian college students in Ghazvin with a sample of 133 people between the ages of 19 and 25 using brief self-control scale (BSCS), bedtime procrastination scale (BPS), and binge-watching addiction questionnaire (BWAQ). The research indicates that there is a notable negative correlation between online binge-watching and self-control (r = -.443, p < .001). Also, a negative relationship between self-control and bedtime procrastination was found (r = -.360, p < .001). Further, a positive correlation between online binge-watching and bedtime procrastination was detected (r = .307, p < .001). The problematic binge-watching can be identified by the motives and cognitive processes underlying this phenomenon, such as narrative transportation. Ways to prevent mental illness caused by them and future research paths are discussed.
Abnormal Psychology
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi; Leila Norouzi
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to predict self- destructiveness based on perceived stress, brain-behavioral systems and defense styles. The population was the students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017-2018; through convenience sampling ...
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The aim of the present study was to predict self- destructiveness based on perceived stress, brain-behavioral systems and defense styles. The population was the students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017-2018; through convenience sampling method, 150 completed questionnaires were analyzed. The design was correlational. chronic self- destructiveness scales (CSDS), perceived stress scale (PSS), behavioral inhibition-activation systems scale (BIS/BAS) and defense styles (DSQ) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient as well as stepwise regression. The results showed that there was a relationship between self-destructiveness and perceived stress (p≤.01), punishment sensitivity (p≤.001), reward responsiveness (p≤.05), drive (p≤.01), and fun seeking (p≤.01). Immature defense style (p≤.01) and neurotic defense style (p≤.01) have a relationship. Moreover, the regression analysis revealed that fun seeking (R2=.33), reward sensitivity (R2=.26), driving (R2=.23), neurotic defense styles (R2=.17), immature defense styles (R2=.11) and punishment sensitivity (R2=.11) could predict self- destructiveness. In conclusion, it can be said that perceived stress is in dynamic relationship with brain-behavioral systems and defense styles can predict self- destructiveness. Punishment sensitivity among brain-behavioral systems, and immature defense styles among the defense styles, were most strongly associated with self-destructiveness.
Abnormal Psychology
Masoume Maleki Pirbazari; Mohammad Narimani; Niloofar Mikaeili; Abbas Abolghasemi
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on improving symptoms and increasing quality of life among the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in interacting with OCD Family History: This is a quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on improving symptoms and increasing quality of life among the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in interacting with OCD Family History: This is a quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest study with control and follow-up groups. The study population entirely consisted of over-18-years of age OCD patients referred to private consultation centers, and rural and urban healthcare centers in Rasht city during2014. The sample selected through purposive sampling consisted of 60 OCD patients who were randomly included in two experimental(ACT with and without OCD Family History) and two control (control with and without OCD Family History) groups. The experimental groups received eight ACT 45-minute sessions of Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used to determine the severity of OCD. In addition, the brief version of WHO Quality of Life Scale was used to measure life quality and the clinical interview was used to investigate OCD family history. Multivariate analysis of variance test with repeated measures was used to examine the differences in pretest-posttest and follow-up scores. The results show that ACT caused a significant decrease in OCD symptoms and a significant increase in patients' quality of life while OCD family history had no impact on the effectiveness of ACT. Therefore, all patients can benefit from this therapy regardless of their OCD Family History.
Abnormal Psychology
Hossein Nazari Moghadam; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari; Fatemeh Ashournejad
Abstract
People with gender dysphoria experience some mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to compare body image and depressive symptoms in people with gender dysphoria and the non-affected. This research was applied in terms of purpose and casual-comparative in terms ...
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People with gender dysphoria experience some mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to compare body image and depressive symptoms in people with gender dysphoria and the non-affected. This research was applied in terms of purpose and casual-comparative in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study included two groups of people with gender dysphoria approved by the Iranian legal medicine organization in 1400 and non-affected people with gender dysphoria. For sampling, 30 people from both groups (15 males and 15 females) were selected by the convenience sampling method. A Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire (BSRQ) and The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were employed to gather research data. Data analysis was performed by Independent Sample T-Test using SPSS-20 software. The findings of the study indicated that the mean scores of body image (P˂0.01) and depressive symptoms (P˂0.05) were significantly different in people with gender dysphoria and the non-affected people. People with gender dysphoria had a more negative body image and more depressive symptoms than non-affected people.
Personality Psychology
Taghi Akbari; Soraiya Ahadi Sagavaz
Abstract
Psychological well-being, meaning cognitive and emotional evaluations of one's life, which is one of the components of positive psychology, is of particular importance in students' behavior today. Therefore, recognizing the factors affecting it plays a crucial role in enhancing students 'psychological ...
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Psychological well-being, meaning cognitive and emotional evaluations of one's life, which is one of the components of positive psychology, is of particular importance in students' behavior today. Therefore, recognizing the factors affecting it plays a crucial role in enhancing students 'psychological well-being. The present study aims at predicting students' psychological well-being based on the components of spiritual intelligence and a sense of coherence. The present study is applied as well as descriptive/correlational research in terms of purpose and in terms of the nature and method respectively. Based on the Morgan Table, a sample of 248 of Bilesavar Moghan Azad University students in the academic year 2019-2020 is randomly selected. Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) and Psychological Well-being Questionnaire are employed for data collection. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression are used for analysis data. The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between spiritual intelligence as well as sense of coherence and students' psychological well-being; this means that whenever spiritual intelligence as well as sense of coherence increase, there is also improvement in psychological well-being. Spiritual intelligence can be a good predictor of psychological well-being and mental health. The spiritual tendency in life prevents a person from doing wrong and showing unacceptable behavior; it can ensure person’s mental health.
Social Psychology
Elahe Javanmard Kamel; Milad SabzehAra Langaroudi; Masoume Maleki Pirbazari
Abstract
Objective: One of the signs of people's mental health is the ability to adapt to different life conditions. This study aims to explore how parent-child interaction, sense of security, entitlement schema and adjustment are related, and how resilience mediates these relationships.
Methods: The ...
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Objective: One of the signs of people's mental health is the ability to adapt to different life conditions. This study aims to explore how parent-child interaction, sense of security, entitlement schema and adjustment are related, and how resilience mediates these relationships.
Methods: The participants are 250 female high school students from Rudsar city, who were selected by convenience sampling from 5 schools in the academic year 2023-2022. The data were collected online using the following instruments: the Parent-Child Relationship Assessment Questionnaire (PCRS), the Sense of Security in Family System Questionnaire (SIFS), the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), the California Social Adjustment Questionnaire (CSAQ) and the Resilience Scale (SQRS). The data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling with LISREL-8.8 and SPSS-22 software.
Results: The results showed that the data has a good fit with the proposed research model. The results showed that parent-child interaction, sense of security and entitlement schema have a direct and significant impact on the adjustment of female students. Moreover, there was an indirect and significant impact of parent-child interaction, sense of security and entitlement schema on the adjustment of students through the mediating role of resilience (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The results suggest that the type of parent-child interaction, sense of security and the schemas created can influence the individual’s adjustment with the environment, and resilience plays a mediating role in this process. Therefore, paying attention to these variables is recommended to parents, counselors, psychologist and experts in the field of education.
Personality Psychology
Fatemeh Pouragha
Abstract
The Purpose of this research was to compare religious orientation, well-being, and identity crisis among adolescents residing in welfare centers and normal adolescents. This study employed a causal-comparative research design. The statistical population of the research included all adolescents residing ...
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The Purpose of this research was to compare religious orientation, well-being, and identity crisis among adolescents residing in welfare centers and normal adolescents. This study employed a causal-comparative research design. The statistical population of the research included all adolescents residing in welfare centers and normal adolescents in Rasht city. For this purpose, 37 adolescents residing in welfare centers and 38 normal adolescents were selected using convenience sampling method. The instruments used in this study were the religious orientation questionnaire, Oxford happiness questionnaire (OHQ), and identity crisis questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using independent t-tests to compare the two groups. The results of the independent t-tests indicated significant differences between the two groups of children residing in welfare centers and normal children in terms of total score of identity crisis, total score of well-being, and religious orientation. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the upbringing of adolescents in normal families is important for enhancing religious orientation, increasing self-confidence, and reducing identity crisis. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the upbringing of adolescents in normal families is important for enhancing religious orientation, increasing self-confidence, and reducing identity crisis.
Abnormal Psychology
Somayeh Mirzaian
Abstract
Rumination and worry are among the cognitive conflicts in many people. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of training metacognitive strategies on reducing rumination and worry. This research is a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. ...
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Rumination and worry are among the cognitive conflicts in many people. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of training metacognitive strategies on reducing rumination and worry. This research is a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. 32 students of Shahid Beheshti University were selected based on the cut of point in the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) by purposive sampling method and were assigned in two experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. Metacognitive strategies were taught to the experimental group for 8 sessions, but the control group did not receive any training during this period. Data analysis was done using covariance analysis and SPSS-26 software. The findings showed that metacognitive therapy was able to significantly reduce rumination and worry in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Based on this finding, it can be concluded that training metacognitive strategies can be used effectively to reduce rumination and worry.
Social Psychology
Zahra Ezzati Arbat; Roya Hosseinzadeh Peyghan
Abstract
Although some factors affecting children’s participation in physical activity and sports are well known, the important social factors that influence children’s participation in physical activity and sports have not been properly identified. In this study, we aimed to design a model of social ...
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Although some factors affecting children’s participation in physical activity and sports are well known, the important social factors that influence children’s participation in physical activity and sports have not been properly identified. In this study, we aimed to design a model of social factors influencing children’s participation in physical activity and sports. The method used in the present research is descriptive-correlation based on the structural equation method. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 384 students who were selected through convenience sampling method. Social factors such as parental socioeconomic status, social support, social competence, and social acceptance were measured using standard questionnaires. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze data. The results of the path analysis showed that parental socioeconomic status, social support, social competence and social acceptance had significant effects on motivation (all T>1.96). Moreover, motivation had significant effect on intention to physical activity (T=3.628). Finally, intention to physical activity had significant effect on physical activity (T=5.189). These results show that social factors can be considered in the process of children’s participation in physical activity and sports. In this regard, the role of parents, physical education teachers and friends is very important.
Social Psychology
Ghazal Sadat Pournesaei
Abstract
Superstitious beliefs and practices have a determining role in culture and society in traditional communities and influence their worldview and value system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between superstition tendency and depression and anxiety among college students. ...
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Superstitious beliefs and practices have a determining role in culture and society in traditional communities and influence their worldview and value system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between superstition tendency and depression and anxiety among college students. The present study was descriptive-correlational. The research population consisted of all students who were studying at the Islamic Azad University of Bandar-e Anzali in the academic year 2021-2022. From this population, 335 people were selected as the sample using the convenience sampling method. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Superstition Tendency questionnaires were administered to them and the questionnaires were analyzed using correlation and regression statistical methods after collection. The Results showed that there was a significant relationship between superstition tendency and depression and anxiety (P <0.001). As a result, it can be said that superstition tendency can predict depression and anxiety in university students.
Abnormal Psychology
Hanieh Goodarzi; Sedigheh Jafari; Tohid Moradi Shaykhjan
Abstract
People with social anxiety face barriers to treatment under the pretext of avoiding interaction and the discomfort of self-disclosure. Using remote health services may be an alternative, but there is no research evidence on the effectiveness of Internet-based methods in social anxiety.Therefore, this ...
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People with social anxiety face barriers to treatment under the pretext of avoiding interaction and the discomfort of self-disclosure. Using remote health services may be an alternative, but there is no research evidence on the effectiveness of Internet-based methods in social anxiety.Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face and Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on cognitive distortions and emotion regulation in adolescents with social anxiety.The present study was a field experiment. A total of 51 adolescents with social anxiety disorder were selected by cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to three face-to-face, Internet-based, and control therapy groups. Three groups were interviewed at the beginning and end of the study and answered the social anxiety screening questionnaire (SASA) Levpušček & Videc (2008 ), cognitive distortion questionnaire (CDQ) Beck and Wismann(1978), and emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ) Jojn and Gross(2003).The two experimental groups underwent therapeutic intervention during ten weekly sessions.The results of ANKOVA analysis showed that both forms of intervention effectively reduced cognitive distortions, improved emotion regulation, and reduced symptoms of social anxiety.Also, the results of MANKOVA analysis showed that in the components of the need to please others and repression, face-to-face intervention only was effective.None of the intervention methods significantly affected the two components of success and perfectionism. In general, in all variables, the impact of the face-to-face intervention was greater than the Internet-based intervention.These results can support the use of Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with social anxiety disorder who, due to circumstances, are unable to benefit from face-to-face treatment