ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Self-Controlled Feedback on Motor Performance and Learning in Adolescents with ADHD
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of autonomy support (i.e., in the form of self-controlled feedback) on learning and self-efficacy in a throwing skill in adolescents with ADHD. The subjects were 40 adolescents with ADHD (14 to 17 years old) and were randomly and equally divided into two groups: self-controlled and yoked. Motor task consisted of throwing bean bags with the non-dominant arm at a target on the ground. The participants completed the pretest (10 trials), an acquisition phase including 6 blocks of 10 trials, and a retention test consisting of 10 trials. The participants in the self-controlled group received knowledge of result (KR) anytime the requested. The yoked group was matched with self-controlled group, but without having a choice to request for feedback. Prior to pretest, each block, and before the retention test, all participants completed the self-efficacy scale. Dependent measures were throwing accuracy scores and self-efficacy. Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were used to analyze the data. The results showed that participants in the self-controlled group had significantly higher throwing accuracy scores in the acquisition phase and the retention test than those in yoked group. Moreover, participants in the self-controlled group reported significantly higher self-efficacy scores in the acquisition phase and the retention test than those in yoked group. The results of this study show that people with ADHD benefit from autonomy support to learn a novel motor skill.
https://modernpsy.rahman.ac.ir/article_146551_4c21a98a0d0d279f71fff28d941bba84.pdf
2021-07-01
1
8
10.22034/jmp.2021.333915.1030
ADHD, Autonomy
feedback
Motor learning
self-efficacy
Tayebeh
Baniasadi
tayebehbaniasadi123@gmail.com
1
Visiting Scholar, Indiana University, School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pouya
Biyabani
biabani.pouya@gmail.com
2
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Physical Education, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Karimi Asl
fatemehkarimiasl70@gmail.com
3
M. Sc., Department of Physical Education, Learning and Motor Control, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sedigheh
Khajeaflaton Mofrad
s.khajeaflaton@ymail.com
4
Ph.D. in Pysical Education, Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdoshahi, M., Gholami A., Naeimikia, M. (2022). Relationships between Autonomy Support with Intrinsic Motivation, Anxiety, and Intention to Physical Activity in Children. International Journal of Pediatrics, 10(3), 15623-15629. https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_19651.html#:~:text=10.22038/IJP.2022.63021.4810
1
Afsanepurak, S.A., Bahram, A., Dana, A., Abdi. J. (2012). The Effect of Self-talk and Mental Imagery on Self-efficacy in Throwing Darts in Adolescents. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3 (3), 594-600. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352993269_The_Effect_of_Self-talk_and_Mental_Imagery_on_Self-efficacy_in_Throwing_Darts_in_Adolescents
2
Baniasadi, T., Namazizadeh, M., Sheikh, M. (2018). Attentional focus can affect sway in postural and supra-postural tasks in community-welling older adults. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 6(3), 31-37. https://10.29252/aassjournal.6.3.31
3
Baniasadi, T., Namazi Zadeh, M., Sheikh, M. (2019). The effects of balance training and focus of attention on sway in postural and supra-postural tasks in the elderly population. Motor Behavior, 11(36), 89-104. https://mbj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1506.html?lang=en
4
Baniasadi, T., Soltan Ahmadi, T., Khajeaflaton Mofrad, S., ShafaeianFard, F. (2022). The Effect of Observing Video and Point-Light Models on Learning a Basketball Shot in Adolescents with Autism. Journal of Humanities Insights, 6(1), 42-46. http://www.jhumanities.net/article_144283_efb7c32f3ba6a560608258a696f06c9f.pdf
5
Baniasadi, T., Soltan Ahmadi, T., Khajeaflaton Mofrad, S., ShafaeianFard, F. (2022). The Effect of Instructional and Motivational Self-Talk on Learning a Basketball Shot in Adolescents with Autism. Journal of Humanities Insights, 6(1), 47-51. http://www.jhumanities.net/article_144284.html
6
Chiviacowsky, S. (2014). Self-controlled practice: Autonomy protects perceptions of competence and enhances motor learning. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15, 505-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.05.003
7
Chiviacowsky, S., & Wulf, G. (2002). Self-controlled feedback: Does it enhance learning because performers get feedback when they need it? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 73, 408-415. https://10.1080/02701367.2002.10609040
8
Chiviacowsky, S., & Wulf, G. (2007). Feedback after good trials enhances learning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78, 40-47. https://10.1080/02701367.2007.10599402
9
Chiviacowsky, S., Wulf, G., Laroque de Medeiros, F., Kaef er, A., & Tani, G. (2008). Learning benefits of self-controlled knowledge of results in 10-year-old children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79, 405-410. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02701367.2008.10599505?journalCode=urqe20
10
Chiviacowsky, S., Wulf, G., Wally, R., & Borges, T. (2009). KR after good trials enhances learning in older adults. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80, 663-668. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02701367.2009.10599606?journalCode=urqe20
11
Eskandarnejad, M., Mobayen, F., Dana, A. (2015). The effect of basketball training on ADHD children's learning skills. Research Journal of Sport Sciences, 3(6), 163-167. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amir-Dana-3/publication/352995852_The_Effect_of_Virtual_Reality_Exercises_on_Dynamic_Balance_of_Children_with_Developmental_Coordination_Disorder/links/60e31677a6fdccb745075d0c/The-Effect-of-Virtual-Reality-Exercises-on-Dynamic-Balance-of-Children-with-Developmental-Coordination-Disorder.pdf
12
Dana, A., Hamzeh Sabzi, A., and Gozalzadeh, A. (2017). The Structural Relationships of Coaching Efficacy, Players' Self-Efficacy, and Collective Efficacy in Female Professional Basketball Teams. Journal of Sport Psychology Studies, 5(18), 111-128. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=605114
13
Dana, A., Rafiee, S., Soltan Ahmadi, T., Sabzi, A. (2018). The Effect of Education Based on the Developmental Physical Education on Students’ Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Motor Behavior, 10(32), 17-34. https://dx.doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2018.3682.1446
14
Farhangnia, S., Hassanzadeh, R., Ghorbani, S. (2020). Handwriting Performance of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Role of Visual-Motor Integration. International Journal of Pediatrics, 8(11), 12317-12326. https://10.22038/ijp.2020.47633.3857
15
Ghorbani, S., & Bund, A. (2014). Acquisition a Baseball-pitch by observation: Which information is extracted? American Journal of Sport Science & Medicine, 2(6A), 18-21. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajssm/2/6A/5/index.html
16
Ghorbani, S., & Bund, A. (2020). Motivational effects of enhanced expectancies for motor learning in individuals with high and low self-efficacy. Perceptual & Motor Skills. 127(1), 263-274. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0031512519892390
17
Ghorbani, S., Dana, A., & Christodoulides, E. (2020). Effects of external focus of attention on learning static balance among girls with ADHD. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 12(1), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2020-0009
18
Ghorbani, S., Ghanati, P., Dana, A., Salehian, M. (2020). The Effects of Autonomy Support on Observational Motor Learning. Iranian Journal of Learning & Memory, 3(11), 77-87. https://dx.doi.org/10.22034/iepa.2021.242953.1195
19
Kordi, H., Sohrabi, M., Saberi Kakhki, A., Attarzadeh, H., S. Gholami, A. (2017). The Effect of Frequency of Verbal Feedback on Motor Performance and Learning in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder, The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,7(69).
20
Mokhtari, P., Shojaei, M., & Dana, A. (2007). The effect of observational practice on the Badminton volley service learning: The role of self-efficacy. Harakat, 32, 117-131. https://journals.ut.ac.ir/pdf_18673_a98a18c429db44e8a46099e00009f9f6.html
21
Wulf, G., Chiviacowsky, S., & Cardozo, P. (2014). Additive benefits of autonomy support and enhanced expectancies for motor learning. Human Movement Science, 37, 12-20. https://10.1016/j.humov.2014.06.004
22
Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2016). Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: the OPTIMAL theory of motor learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23, 1382-1414. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0999-9
23
Wulf, G., Lewthwaite, R., Cardozo, P., & Chiviacowsky, S. (2017). Triple play: Additive contributions of enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and external attentional focus to motor learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71, 824-834. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1276204
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Self-harm Behaviors among University Students
One of the common problems among university students is self-harm behavior which has many negative consequences for the people involved and the society. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of occurrence of self-harm behavior in university students. The participants of this descriptive study include the entire undergraduate students of the University of Guilan in the academic year 2019-20. A total of 508 students (368 females and 140 males) are selected based on Convenience Sampling. For data collection, the Self-harm Inventory Questionnaire (SHI) is employed; moreover, descriptive statistics as well as Chi-square test are used. According to the findings, 17.8% of students have self-harm behavior. The results of Chi-square test reveal that there is no significant difference between male and female students in terms of the frequency of occurrence of direct, indirect and general self-harm behavior (P> 0.01). Burning the body, recklessness in driving, alcohol abuse and deliberate loss of job in male students and being involved in relationships that expose one to sexual abuse and deliberate self-starvation are more common in female students (p< 0.01). Also, local and non-local university students and different age groups of students show significant different behavior in terms of direct and indirect self-harm (P<0.01). Based on the findings, it can be stated that self-harm is relatively common behavior among university students. As a result, these people need to be identified and treated in a timely manner to reduce the negative consequences of this kind of behavior.
https://modernpsy.rahman.ac.ir/article_142014_a004325de8fc1f6faef60e10f1bbb27a.pdf
2021-07-01
9
24
10.22034/jmp.2021.285993.1016
Direct self-harm
Indirect self-harm, University students
kiana
Sabet Dizkuhi
kiana.sbt@gmail.com
1
Master of General Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Mousa
Kafie Masooleh
mosakafie@yahoo.com
2
Professor, Psychology Department, University of Guilan
AUTHOR
Aliverdinia, A., Rezaei, A., & Peyro, F. (2012). A Sociological Analysis of University Students Attitude's toward Suicide. Journal of Applied sociology, 22(4), 1-14. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=247900
1
Atadokht, A., Ranjbar, M. j., Gholami, F., & Nazari, T. (2013). Students Drive towards Risk-Taking Behaviors and Its Relationship with Demographic Variables and Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Health and Care, 15(4), 50-59. http://hcjournal.arums.ac.ir/article-1-187-en.html
2
Auerbach, R. P., Pagliaccio, D., Allison, G. O., Alqueza, K. L., & Alonso, M. F. (2020). Neural Correlates Associated with Suicide and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Youth. Biological Psychiatry, 89(2), 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.002
3
Bresin, K., & Schoenleber, M. (2015). Gender differences in the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 38, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.009
4
Bruffaerts, R., Mortier, P., Auerbach, R. P., Alonso, J., Hermosillo De la Torre, A. E., Cuijpers, P., et al. (2019). Lifetime and 12‐month treatment for mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among first year college students. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 28(2), e1764. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1764
5
Bruffaerts, R., Mortier, P., Kiekens, G., Auerbach, R. P., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., et al. (2018). Mental health problems in college freshmen: Prevalence and academic functioning. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.044
6
Burke, T. A., Ammerman, B. A., Hamilton, J. L., Stange, J. P & Piccirillo, M. (2020). Nonsuicidal self-injury scar concealment from the self and others. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 130, 313-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.040
7
Cleare, S., Gumley, A., & O'Connor, R. C. (2019). Self‐compassion, self‐forgiveness, suicidal ideation, and self‐harm: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 26(5), 511-530. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2372
8
Favazza, A. R. (2006). Self-injurious behavior in college students. Pediatrics, 117(6), 2283-2284. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0840
9
Garisch, J. A., & Wilson, M. S. (2015). Prevalence, correlates, and prospective predictors of non-suicidal self-injury among New Zealand adolescents: Cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0055-6
10
Gholamrezaei, M., Heath, N., & Panaghi, L. (2017). Non-suicidal self-injury in a sample of university students in Tehran, Iran: prevalence, characteristics and risk factors. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 10(2), 136-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2016.1265999.
11
Gratz, K. L. (2001). Measurement of deliberate self-harm: Preliminary data on the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4):253-263. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012779403943.
12
Hamza, C. A., & Willoughby, T. (2019). Impulsivity and nonsuicidal self-injury: A longitudinal examination among emerging adults. Journal of Adolescence, 75, 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.07.003.
13
Heath, N., Toste, J., Nedecheva, T., & Charlebois, A. (2008). An examination of nonsuicidal self-injury among college students. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 30(2), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.30.2.8p879p3443514678
14
Hilton, L. A. (2017). Provider Perspectives on Self-Injurious Behavior: Past, Present, and Future Directions. Dissertation. Antioch University New England. Department of Clinical Psychology. https://aura.antioch.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1393&context=etds
15
Hjorth, C. F., Bilgrav, L., Frandsen, L. S., Overgaard, C., Torp-Pedersen C, Nielsen B, et al. (2016). Mental health and school dropout across educational levels and genders: a 4.8-year follow-up study. BMC public health, 16(1), 976. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3622-8.
16
Izakian, S., Mirzaian, B., & Hossein,i S. H. (2017). Review on Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Iranian Young adults and Adolescents. Clinical Excellence, 8(2), 14-25. https://ce.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-395-fa.pdf
17
Khanipour, H., Nemati, M., Mohammadi A. (2018). Comparison of self-harm and defense mechanisms in individuals with Gender Identity Disorder before and after sex reassignment surgery. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9, 23-32. [Persian]. doi: 10.22075/JCP.2018.11263.1116.
18
Kharsati, N., & Bhola, P. (2016). Self-injurious behavior, emotion regulation, and attachment styles among college students in India. Industrial psychiatry journal, 25(1), 23-28. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2F0972-6748.196049
19
Klonsky, E. D. (2007). The functions of deliberate self-injury: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(2), 226–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002
20
Labouliere, C, D. (2009). The spectrum of self-harm in college undergraduates: The intersection of maladaptive coping and emotion dysregulation. Masteral Dissertations. University of South Florida. College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology.
21
Lang, C., & Sharma-patel. K. (2011). The relation between childhood maltreatment and self-injury: a review of the literature on conceptualization and intervention. Trauma Violence Abuse, 12(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838010386975
22
Laye-Gindhu, A., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2005). Nonsuicidal self-harm among community adolescents: Understanding the “whats” and “whys” of self-harm. Journal of youth and Adolescence, 34(5), 447-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-7262-z.
23
Lockwood, J., Townsend, E., Daley, D., & Sayal, K. (2020). Impulsivity as a predictor of self-harm onset and maintenance in young adolescents: a longitudinal prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 583-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.021
24
Mental Health America. (2020). Self-injury (cutting, selfharm, or self-mutilation). Available from: https://mhanational.org.
25
Mo, J., Wang, C., Niu, X., Jia, X., Liu, T., & Lin, L. (2019). The relationship between impulsivity and self-injury in Chinese undergraduates: the chain mediating role of stressful life events and negative affect. Journal of affective disorders, 256, 259-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.074
26
Moran, P., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Olsson, C., Borschmann, R., Carlin, J. B, et al. (2012). The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: a population-based cohort study. The Lancet, 379(9812), 236-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61141-0
27
Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N., Lengel, G. J., & Grant, D. M. (2013). Non‐suicidal self‐injury: The contribution of general personality functioning. Personality and Mental Health, 7(1), 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1211
28
National Alliance on Mental Illness. Self-harm. (2020). Available via https://www.nami.org/learnmore/mental-health-conditions/related-conditions/self-harm (Accessed 30 March 2020).
29
Nobakht, N. H., Yngvar, K. D. (2017). The prevalence of deliberate self-harm and its relationships to trauma and dissociation among Iranian young adults. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 18(4), 610–623.
30
Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. Annual review of clinical psychology, 6, 339-363. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258.
31
Nock, M. (2009). Why do People Hurt Themselves? New insight in to the nature and functions of self-injury. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2, 1-15. https://10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01613.x.
32
Rotolone, C., & Martin, G. (2012). Giving up self-injury: A comparison of everyday social and personal resources in past versus current self-injurers. Archives of Suicide Research, 16(2), 147-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2012.667333
33
Sansone R. A., Sellbom, M & Songer, D. A. (2018). Borderline personality disorder and mental health care utilization: The role of self-harm. Journal of Personality Disorders, 9(2),188–191. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000245
34
Sansone, R. A, Wiederman, M. W & Sansone, L. (1998). The Self-Harm Inventory (SHI): Development of a scale for identifying self-destructive behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(7), 973-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199811)54:7%3C973::AID-JCLP11%3E3.0.CO;2-H
35
Sivertsen, B., Hysing, M., Knapstad, M., Harvey AG, Reneflot A, Lønning KJ, et al. (2019). Suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm among university students: prevalence study. BJPsych open, 5(2), e26. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2019.4
36
Taliaferro, A. L., Muehlenkamp, J. (2015). Risk Factors Associated with Self-injurys Behavior Among a National Sample of Undergraduate College Students. Journal of American College Health, 63(1), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.953166
37
Van der Wal, W., & George, A. A. (2018). Social support-oriented coping and resilience for self-harm protection among adolescents. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 28(3), 237-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2018.1475508.
38
Vidourek, A. R. (2018). Non-suicidal self-injury and associated factors among college students. Journal of behavioral health, 7(4), 168–176.
39
White, V. E., Trepal‐Wollenzier, H., & Nolan, J. M. (2002). College students and self‐injury: Intervention strategies for counselors. Journal of College Counseling, 5(2), 105-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2002.tb00212.x.
40
Whitlock, J. (2009). The cutting edge: Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence. Act for Youth Center of Excellence: Research Facts and Findings. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. https://selfinjury.bctr.cornell.edu/publications/2009_1.pdf
41
Whitlock, J., Muehlenkamp, J., Eckenrode. J., Purington, A., Abrams, G. B., Barreira, P., et al. (2013). Nonsuicidal self-injury as a gateway to suicide in young adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(4), 486-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.010
42
Whitlock, J., Muehlenkamp, J., Purington, A., Eckenrode, J., Barreira, P., Baral, Abrams., G, et al. (2011). Nonsuicidal self-injury in a college population: General trends and sex differences. Journal of American College Health, 59(8), 691-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2010.529626
43
Wilkinson, P. O., Qiu, T., Neufeld, S., Jones, P. B., & Goodyer, I. M. (2018). Sporadic and recurrent nonsuicidal self-injury before age 14 and incident onset of psychiatric disorders by 17 years: Prospective cohort study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 212(4), 222–226. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2017.45.
44
Wiseman, J. M. (2017). Self-Compassion and Its Relation to Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Dissertation. Wright State University. The School of Professional Psychology.
45
Wu, C. Y., Stewart, R., Huang, H. C., Prince, M., & Liu, S. I. (2011). The impact of quality and quantity of social support on help-seeking behavior prior to deliberate self-harm. General hospital psychiatry, 33(1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.10.006
46
Xavier, A., Cunha, M., Gouveia, P. J. (2019). Validation of the Risk-Taking and Self-Harm Inventory for Adolescents in a Portuguese Community Sample. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 52(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2018.1435189
47
Xavier, A., Gouveia, P. J., & Cunha, M. (2016). Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescence: The Role of Shame, Self-Criticism and Fear of Self-Compassion Non suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescence. Child Youth Care Forum. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:w4gAf8ZCIKAJ:self-compassion.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Xavier_etal_2016.pdf+&cd=1&hl=fa&ct=clnk&gl=ir
48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Predicting Married Women’s Mental Health based on Quality of Life Components
Women's mental health can overshadow theirs other responsibilities; therefore, examining the role of influential factors in mental health has been considered a matter of importance. The present study aimed to investigate the role of emotional components of quality of life in predicting the mental health of married women. This study was descriptive-correlational. In this regard, 240 individuals from the married women community of Shiraz were purposefully selected and surveyed in cyberspace using the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire – 28 (GHQ-28). To analyze the data, multiple regression analysis (enter model) was employed. Data analysis revealed that emotional components of quality of life have a significant relationship with mental health (p< 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the components of energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, and social functioning play a positive role in predicting the mental health of married women; moreover, the component of role dysfunction plays a negative part due to lack of emotional health. According to the findings of the present study, it could be concluded that the emotional well-being, happiness, and vitality of married women can play an important role in their mental health.
https://modernpsy.rahman.ac.ir/article_147595_57fa97abdcc07a753d804a911ab732dc.pdf
2021-07-01
25
38
10.22034/jmp.2021.328764.1027
Emotional well-being
Married women
mental health
Quality of Life
social functioning
Soolmaz
Dehghani Dowlatabadi
s.dehghani.d@gmail.com
1
M. A. in Family Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Aras International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Becker, C., Kirchmaier, I., & Trautmann, S. T. (2019). Marriage, parenthood and social network: Subjective well-being and mental health in old age. PloS one, 14(7), e0218704. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0218704
1
Bierman, A., Fazio, E.M. & Milkie, M. A. (2006). A multifaceted approach to the mental health advantage of the married: Assessing how explanations vary by outcome measure and unmarried group. Journal of Family Issues, 27(4), 554–582. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192513X05284111
2
Cohen, S. H. (2004). Social Relationships and Health. American Psychologist, 59(8), 676-84. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2004-20395-002
3
Commission on Social Determinants of Health. (2005). Towards A Conceptual framework for Analysis and Action against Social Determinants of Health. WHO: Geneva.
4
Diener, E. (2006). Understanding scores on the satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 340-391. http://labs.psychology.illinois.edu/~ediener/Documents/Understanding%20SWLS%20Scores.pdf
5
Ebrahimi Moghaddam, H., Mahmodi, A. (2017). The relationship between quality of life and self-efficacy among students with mental health component. Journal of Counseling Researches, 16 (63), 67-80. https://irancounseling.ir/journal/article-1-292-en.html
6
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Comparison of Body Image and Depression Symptoms in People with and without Gender Dysphoria
People with gender dysphoria experience some mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to compare body image and depressive symptoms in people with gender dysphoria and the non-affected. This research was applied in terms of purpose and casual-comparative in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study included two groups of people with gender dysphoria approved by the Iranian legal medicine organization in 1400 and non-affected people with gender dysphoria. For sampling, 30 people from both groups (15 males and 15 females) were selected by the convenience sampling method. A Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire (BSRQ) and The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were employed to gather research data. Data analysis was performed by Independent Sample T-Test using SPSS-20 software. The findings of the study indicated that the mean scores of body image (P˂0.01) and depressive symptoms (P˂0.05) were significantly different in people with gender dysphoria and the non-affected people. People with gender dysphoria had a more negative body image and more depressive symptoms than non-affected people.
https://modernpsy.rahman.ac.ir/article_149770_374f4806956b861315fb1b59da1a5b08.pdf
2021-07-01
39
48
10.22034/jmp.2021.323838.1023
body image
depression
gender dysphoria
Hossein
Nazari Moghadam
amirhosseinnazarimoghadam7474@gmail.com
1
M. A. in General Psychology, Rahman Institute of Higher Education
AUTHOR
Masoume
Maleki Pirbazari
maleki.m@rahman.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Psychology Department, Rahman Institute of Higher Education
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Ashournejad
f.ashour347@yahoo.com
3
University Lecturer, Psychology Department, Rahman Institute of Higher Education
AUTHOR
Aabdolpour, G., Hashemi, T., Shairi, M., R., Alizadeh, F. (2018). The relationship of the Intolerance of uncertainty and worry and metacognitive beliefs in people with depressive symptoms. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 5 (2) ,15-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/shenakht.5.2.15
1
Afsharian, M., Mahmoodi, H., Ghanbari, H. R. (2019). Assessing the level of anxiety and depression in trans people and comparing it with the normal population. 1st International Conference Interdisciplinary Studies in Management and Engineering. University of Tehran. https://www.sid.ir/FileServer/SF/9611397H0135.pdf
2
Ahmadpour torki, Z., Abolghasemi, A., Poorsoheili, S. (2018). Comparison of mood dimensions and physical body image concern in depressed women with and without sexual dysfunction. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 15(4), 123-148. https://dx.doi.org/10.22051/jwsps.2018.17712.1585
3
Barghi Irani, Z., Goshtasbi Asl, S., Goshtasbi Asl, S. (2015). A Comparative Study of Defense Styles and Mechanisms of Gender Dysphoric Patients with Normal People. Journal of Personality & Individual Differences, 4(3), 139-156. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=528488
4
Catelan, R. F., Saadeh, A., Lobato, M. I. R., Gagliotti, D. A. M., Nardi, H. C., & Costa, A. B. (2022). Depression, Self-Esteem, and Resilience and its Relationship with Psychological Features of Sexuality among Transgender Men and Women from Brazil. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02189-0
5
Ceruti, C.; D’Agata, F.; Sibona, M.; Preto, M.; Gualerzi, A.; Crespi, C.; Molo, ZM. T. (2020). P-01-4 a new tool to explore brain functional basis of gender disphoria: Validation of a functional MRI protocol to investigate patterns of brain activation related to body image and gender identity. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(6), 171.
6
Corda, E., Bandecchi, C., Deiana, V., Pintore, S., Pinna, F., Pusceddu, R., ... & Carpiniello, B. (2016). Body image and gender role perceived in gender dysphoria: cross-sex hormone therapy effects. European Psychiatry, 33(S1), S589-S589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2192
7
Delavar, A. (2007). Educational and psychological Research. Tehtran: Virayesh.
8
Dhejne, C., Van Vlerken, R., Heylens, G., & Arcelus, J. (2016). Mental health and gender dysphoria: A review of the literature. International review of psychiatry, 28(1), 44-57. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1115753
9
Ghazanfari, F., & Khodarahimi, S. Poorkord, M., Karami, A. (2018). Gender Dysphoria Disorder: Diagnosis, Theory and Intervention. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal, 6(4), 9-28. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.2383353.1396.6.4.12.0
10
Hepp, U., Kraemer, B., Schnyder, U., Miller, N., & Delsignore, A. (2005). Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. Journal of psychosomatic research, 58(3), 259-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.08.010
11
Jenabi Ghods, M., Rahgoi, A., Fallahi-Khoshknab, M., Nourozi, M. (2020). The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Depression, Stress, Anxiety of Male to Female Transsexuals. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 7 (1), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/ijrn.7.1.1
12
Malmquist, A., Wikström, J., Jonsson, L., & Nieminen, K. (2021). How norms concerning maternity, femininity and cisgender increase stress among lesbians, bisexual women and transgender people with a fear of childbirth. Midwifery, 93, 102888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102888
13
Mantashloo, S., & Shairi, M., Heydarinasab, l., Izadi Dehnavi, S. (2016). Comparison of depression, Anxiety and Body Image in Patients with Gender Dysphoric Disorder and Non Patients. Journal of Health Breeze (Family Health), 4(3), 42-50. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=573146
14
Mantashloo, S., Shairi, M., Heydarinasab, L. (2018). The effect of preconditioning with high intensity interval training on cardioprotection and left ventricular function against Ischemia-reperfusion injury in male rats. Daneshvar Medicine, 26(2), 27-38. http://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1833.html?lang=en
15
Mazaheri Meybodi, A., Hajebi, A., & Ghanbari Jolfaei, A. (2014). Psychiatric axis I comorbidities among patients with gender dysphoria. Psychiatry journal, 2014(971814). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/971814
16
McGuire, J. K.; Doty, J. L.; Catalpa, J. M. & Ola, C. (2016). Body image in transgender young people: Findings from a qualitative, community based study. Body Image, 18: 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.06.004
17
Murphy, J.; Prentice, F.; Walsh, R.; Catmur, C. & Bird, G. (2020). Autism and transgender identity: Implications for depression and anxiety. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69, 101466. : 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101466
18
Noroozi, F., Ghorban Shiroodi, S., Khalaj, A. R. (2021). Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Self-Control and Flexibility of Body Image in Obese Patients Volunteering for Sleeve and Gastric Bypass Surgery. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences, 18(4), 493-502. http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-894-fa.html
19
Owen-Smith, A. A.; Gerth, J.; Sineath, R. C.; Barzilay, J.; Becerra-Culqui, T.; Getahun, D.; Goodman, M. (2018). Association between gender confirmation treatments and perceived gender congruence, body image satisfaction, and mental health in a cohort of transgender individuals. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(4): 591-600.
20
Pourkazem, F., Eshghi Nogourani, R. (2018). The Effectiveness of Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment to Improving Psychological Well-Being of Transsexual Individuals Esfahan. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 5 (1), 29-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/shenakht.5.1.29
21
Rahimi Ahmadabadi S, Hejazi A, Attaran H, Rahimi A, Kohestani L, Karashki H et al (2016). Comparison of Stress, Anxiety, Depression & Sexual Role in Subjects Involved Gender Dysphoria with Normal Subjects. Iran Journal of Forensic Medicine, 22 (1), 67-75. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-783-fa.html
22
Rahimi Ahmadabadi, S., Kalantari, M., Abedi, M., & Modarres Gharavi, S. M. (2020). Investigating Parent-Child Relationship in Predicting Gender Dysphoria in Transsexual Women and Men. Journal of Psychology, 2(94), 200-214. http://www.iranapsy.ir/en/Article/13990406237985
23
Romito, M.; Salk, R. H.; Roberts, S.; Thoma, B. C.; Levine, M. D.; Choukas-Bradley, S. (2021). Exploring transgender adolescents’ body image concerns and disordered eating: Semi-structured interviews with nine gender minority youth. Body Image, 37: 50-62.
24
Shairi, M., Mantashloo, S., Heydarinasab, L. (2019). An pathology approach in the realm of culture and family: differentiating the projections of people with gender dysphoria disorder in the Rorschach test. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 9(1), 1-14. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22516654.1398.9.1.1.5
25
Strubel, J.; Sabik, N. J. & Tylka, T. L. (2020). Body image and depressive symptoms among transgender and cisgender adults: Examining a model integrating the tripartite influence model and objectification theory. Body Image, 35, 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.08.004
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Comparison of Attachment Styles, Problem Solving Styles and Sensitivity Anxiety in Cardiovascular Diseases and Normal Individuals
Cardiovascular diseases are regarded as one of the most disabling diseases of human beings around the world, particularly when psychological characteristics are taken into consideration. This study compared attachment styles, problem solving styles and sensitivity anxiety in cardiovascular diseases patients and normal Individuals. A total of 40 participants (20 diseased, 20 normal) were selected thought random cluster sampling procedure from among a population of cardiovascular diseases in the city of Ardabil. Data were collected using the attachment styles inventory (AAI), problem-solving styles questionnaire (PSSQ) and the anxiety sensitivity index (ASI); moreover, multivariate analysis of variance used for data analysis. These finding implied that among attachment styles, problem solving and sensitivity anxiety there existed differences in cardiovascular diseases patients and non-patients. Results showed that cardiovascular diseases patients used higher avoidance and ambivalence attachment than non-patients. Result also revealed that non-patients used higher safety attachment than cardiovascular disease patients and patients employed avoidant attachment style as well as ambivalence. Moreover, cardiovascular diseases patients had higher helplessness, problem solving control and avoidance style more than non-patients and the non-patients used higher creativity style, problem-solving confidence, avoidance style more than cardiovascular diseases patients. It was also found that cardiovascular diseases patients used higher physical, cognitive, social worries than non-patients. Overall, the finding indicated that attachment styles, problem solving styles and sensitivity anxiety were important components discriminating cardiovascular diseases patients from non-patients. The suggestion for further studies is about other variables in cardiovascular diseases to provide preventive strategies for these diseases
https://modernpsy.rahman.ac.ir/article_146590_53dee252ff1c7e235b2a5fd09ea624f4.pdf
2021-07-01
49
58
10.22034/jmp.2021.324155.1025
anxiety
Attachment
Cardiovascular Diseases
problem solving
Afshar
Hajeir
masi_30002000@yahoo.com
1
M. A. in Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdi, R., (2001). Comparison of problem-solving in addiction and normal individuals. M.A thesis in general psychology, University of Ferdowsi Mashhad.
1
Anderson, E. R., & Hope, D. A. (2009). The relationship among social phobia, objective and perceived physiological reactivity, and anxiety sensitivity in an adolescent population. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.03.011
2
Ball, S. A. (1998). Manualized treatment for substance abusers with personality disorders: dual focus schema therapy. Addictive Behaviors, 23(6), 883-891. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00067-7
3
Behrouz, B., Farhadi, M., Khazaie, H., & Mehrabi, H. A. (2013). The comparison of Personality dimensions and problem-solving styles in people with coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic low back pain (CLBP), and healthy people. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 17(2), 131-141. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1127582
4
Cassibba, R., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bruno, S., & Coppola, G. (2004). Attachment of mothers and children with recurrent asthmatic bronchitis. Journal of Asthma, 41(4), 419-431. https://doi.org/10.1081/JAS-120033984
5
Cassidy, T., & Long, C. (1996). Problem‐solving style, stress, and psychological illness: Development of a multifactorial measure. British Journal of clinical psychology, 35(2), 265-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01181.x
6
Deacon, B., & Abramowitz, J. (2006). Anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions across anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(7), 837-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.01.003
7
Deacon, B. J., Abramowitz, J. S., Woods, C. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2003). The Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised: psychometric properties and factor structure in two nonclinical samples. Behavior research and therapy, 41(12), 1427-1449. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00065-2
8
Floyd, M., Garfield, A., & LaSota, M. T. (2005). Anxiety sensitivity and worry. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(5), 1223-1229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.005
9
Fraley, R. C., Garner, J. P., & Shaver, P. R. (2000). Adult attachment and the defensive regulation of attention and memory: examining the role of preemptive and postemptive defensive processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 816-826. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.79.5.816
10
Ghasemim, N. (2012). The Comparison of Anxiety Sensitivity and Happiness in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients with Normal Matched Group in Shiraz. Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 2(2), 101-112. http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.html
11
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love is conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
12
Izadi tameh, a., Nemati Dehkordi, s., & Nemati Dehkordi, m. (2014). The Relationship between Attachment Style on Self-Efficacy and Self-Care in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Nursing, 1(2), 50-60. http://jdn.zbmu.ac.ir/article-1-39-fa.html
13
Kashdan, T. B., Zvolensky, M. J., & McLeish, A. C. (2008). Anxiety sensitivity and affect regulatory strategies: individual and interactive risk factors for anxiety-related symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(3), 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.03.011
14
Mikulincer, M., Horesh, N., Eilati, I., & Kotler, M. (1999). The association between adult attachment style and mental health in extreme life-endangering conditions. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(5), 831-842. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00032-X
15
Mikulincer, M., & Nachshon, O. (1991). Attachment styles and patterns of self-disclosure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 321-331. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.321
16
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17
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21
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship between Video Games and Cognitive Skills of Students
This research examined the relationship between video games and cognitive skills including critical thinking and creative thinking. This was an analytical and cross-sectional study. The population of the present research consisted of high school students of Ardebil in the academic year 2013-2014. A sample consisting of 105 students, (54 female and 51 male), was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. They filled out two questionnaires, namely the California Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST) and Critical Thinking Test (CT). The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) as well as the Scheffe test. To conduct the analysis, the participants were divided into four groups based on the number of hours spent playing video games every day, namely no gaming, less than 1 hour, between 1-2 hours, and more than 2 hours of gaming; they were also divided into four groups based on the number of years they had been playing video games, namely no gaming, less than a year, 1-2 years, and more than 2 years. The results of the one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in creativity between the four groups based on the hours spent playing and the number of years the subjects had been playing video games (P<0.05). The differences between the four groups in terms of critical thinking were also significant (P<0.05). The findings indicated that the individuals spending up to two hours playing video games on a daily basis had higher levels of creativity and critical thinking compared to non-gamers.
https://modernpsy.rahman.ac.ir/article_146614_366d8a31b14122eddf0fadff9fa13d6b.pdf
2021-07-01
59
68
10.22034/jmp.2021.333921.1032
creativity
critical thinking
Cognitive skills
Video Games
SeyedTeymur
SeyediAsl
seyedteymurseyediasl147@gmail.com
1
Ph. D. in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Nazari Anamagh
alirizanezeri@gmail.com
2
Ph.D. in Counseling, Department of Counseling, School of Psychology & Training Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Elham
Sadeghi
esadeghei@gmail.com
3
M. A. in Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahram
Jafarzadeh
shahramjafarzadeh@gmail.com
4
M.A. in Educational Management, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Badali
badali.tech@gmail.com
5
Ph.D. in Educational Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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